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How many years ago do you think the Roman race began? Have a guess! Archaeological evidence suggests that there were early signs of human habitation at Rome circa (around) 1500 B.C. First permanent settlement (shown by graves) at Rome was founded in circa 1000 B.C. BUT – Rome as a single community didn’t fully form until about the mid-8th century B.C. (750 B.C.) So the Roman race began nearly 3000 years ago! 1500 B.C. – Early signs of human habitation 1000 B.C. – Signs of permanent human settlement 800 - 750 B.C. – Separate villages combine to become one – Rome! 753 B.C. – Romulus (founder of city of Rome) becomes Rome’s first king. 753 B.C. – 509 B.C. – Rome is a monarchy (kingdom) and is ruled by 7 different kings over this period 0f time 509 B.C. – 450 B.C. – Rome transforms from a monarchy into a Republic (citystate) 91 B.C. – Social War (Rome and Rome’s allies fight each other) 89 B.C. – Civil War (Rome fighting itself) starts and continues pretty much until… 31 B.C. – Battle of Actium. Octavian (important guy) defeats Anthony and Cleopatra. Octavian rules Rome, which becomes a Principate. 27 B.C. – Because Octavian has sole control of the entire Roman world, he decides he needs a more awesome name – and so becomes Emperor Augustus! Many emperors follow after Augustus 326 A.D. – Emperor Constantine the Great begins making Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire 395 A.D. – The Roman Empire divides into two empires: eastern and western Early 5th century (c. 400 A.D.) – Rome falls What contributions do you think the Romans might have made to the world? Calendar: The Julian calendar we use today, with 365 days in a year, is based on the one developed by Julius Caesar The names of several months have Roman origins Roads: The Romans are well-known for building straight, wellsurfaced roads, a skill not equalled in Britain until the 19th century In Britain, several main roads such as the A1 (London to Scotland) or the A5 (London to North Wales) follow ancient Roman routes The Old Kent Road is built on the remains of an ancient Roman road Buildings: The Romans made many advances within engineering and architecture Roman use of arches and domes led to aqueducts and the Pantheon in Rome Many Roman buildings are still standing today, which shows how well they are built Places and place names: Several British cities were founded by the Romans, such as London and Chester The names of some places derive from their original Roman name, for example the name “London” came from the Roman name Londinium The word “chester” derives from the Latin word castrum, meaning “camp” or “fort”. There is a town called Chester, but can you think of any more British towns and cities that contain the word “chester”? Language: Latin has influenced the way certain languages such as French, Spanish, Italian and English have developed All British coins have a Latin inscription Many English words derive from Latin and we often use Latin words in everyday speech e.g. versus, et cetera, exit, omnibus, fiat Literature: Many stories, plays, poems and histories have survived from the Roman period. Probably the most famous is Virgil’s Aeneid. What do you think is the most important contribution that the Romans have made to the world? Why? Discuss in pairs for 2 minutes Now you can either: Create a poster OR write a song or poem (in any style) titled “The most important contribution of the ancient Romans” You should describe the legacy of the Romans and inform people about the influence of the ancient Romans on the world. Just a minute! Speak for 1 MINUTE ONLY about the contributions that the Romans made to the world. If the person speaking REPEATS a word/phrase, PAUSES (by either hesitating or using “er”, “um”, “ah” etc.) or makes a MISTAKE, say “BUZZ!” and then you take over.