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Rome and the Roots of Western Civilization Chapter 6 section 5 • Romans borrowed and adapted cultural elements from the Greek and Hellenistic cultures. • Romans created a great civilization on their own, whose art and architecture, language and literature, engineering, and law became its legacy to the world. Legacy of Greco-Roman Civilization • Rome had conquered Greece by 2nd century B.C. • Romans admired Greek culture • Educated Romans learned the Greek language • Mixing of elements of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman culture produced a new culture called Greco-Roman culture. • Often called classical civilization • Roman artists, philosophers, and writers adapted from Greek and Hellenistic models but created a style all their own. • Roman art and literature conveyed Roman ideals of strength, permanence, and solidity. Roman Fine Arts • Roman sculptors created realistic portraits in stone. • Roman art was practical in propose, intended for public education • The reign of Augustus was a period of great artistic achievement. • Roman artists were skilled in creating mosaics. • Mosaics are pictures or designs made by setting small pieces of stone, glass or tile onto a surface. • Romans excelled at the art of painting. Learning and Literature • The Greek philosophy of Stoicism is influential in Rome. • Stoicism encouraged virture, duty, moderation, and endurance • Latin poet, Virgil, writes the Aeneid • He writes that government as being Rome’s most important contribution to civilization. • Tacitus- a Roman historian is notable among ancient historians because he presented the facts accurately. • Wrote about the good and bad of imperial Rome. The Latin Language • The presence of Rome is still felt daily in languages, the institutions, and the thought of the Western world. • Latin , language of the Romans, remained the language of learning in the West long after the fall of Rome. • Official language of the Roman Catholic Church into the 20th century • Latin adopted by different peoples and developed into French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian. • These languages called romance languages • Half the words in English have a basis in Latin. Master Builders • Visitors from all over marveled at the architecture of Rome. • The arch, dome, and concrete were combined to build great structures like the Colosseum. • Arches also supported bridges and Aqueducts • Water channel that brought water into cities and towns. • Roman roads were also technological marvels • Vast network of roads constructed of stone, concrete, and sand that connected Rome to all parts of the empire. • Lasted into the Middle ages and some are still used. Roman System of Law • Rome’s most lasting and widespread contribution was its law • Important principles of Roman law • All persons had the right to equal treatment under the law • A person was considered innocent until proven guilty. • The burden of proof rested with the accuser rather then the accused. • A person should be punished only for actions, not thoughts. • Any law that seemed unreasonable or grossly unfair could be set aside. Rome’s Enduring Influence • By preserving and adding to Greek civilization, Rome strengthened the Western cultural tradition.