Download genetic engineering 2 - Hicksville Public Schools

Aim: What are some applications of
Genetic Engineering?
Genetic Engineering is a process
that is used to the alter the genetic
instructions in organisms.
Genetic Engineering Review:
1)Scientists can
target and identify
a gene.
2)Cut the desired gene
with restriction
enzymes.
Genetic Engineering Review:
3)The gene is combined with
the DNA of another organism.
DNA from
Organism 2
DNA from
Organism 1
Cell of an
organism
This process is called:
GENE SPLICING
The combined DNA is called:
Recombinant DNA
4)The recombinant DNA
is inserted into the cell
of another organism.
What is the end result?
A genetically engineered organism
Recombinant
DNA
Cell of an
organism
Applications of Genetic Engineering:
Scientists genetically
alter the DNA of
bacteria to produce
human proteins.
How many pieces of
bacterial DNA do you
see? 2
What are they called?
Chromosome and a Plasmid
Bacterial Chromosome vs.
Human Chromosome
Bacterial Chromosome
Human Chromosome
X
Bacteria also have PLASMIDS
Plasmids are small,
circular DNA
molecules that are
found in some
bacteria.
Scientists alter the
genetic instructions
found in the
Plasmids.
How can we alter the genetic material
of bacteria to produce human insulin?
Step 1:
DNA is removed from a human cell and
insulin gene is cut out with Restriction
Enzymes.
How can we alter the genetic material
of bacteria to produce human insulin?
Step 2:
Plasmid is removed from a bacterial cell
and is cut with Restriction Enzymes.
How can we alter the genetic material
of bacteria to produce human insulin?
Step 3:
Insulin Gene and Bacterial Plasmid are
Recombinant DNA
______ together to form ____________
Spliced
How can we alter the genetic
material of bacteria to produce
human insulin?
Step 4:
Recombinant DNA is inserted into a
bacterial cell.
How can we alter the genetic
material of bacteria to produce
human insulin?
Step 5:
Asexual reproduction
Bacteria undergo ________
and are capable of producing the protein
insulin.
Scientists can also genetically alter
foods:
Genetically modified
foods can be
engineered to produce
natural pesticides.
Scientists can also genetically alter
foods:
Genetically modified foods
can be engineered to
increase their content of
vitamins.
Green Glowing Pigs
• In daylight, their
eyes and skin
are green-tinged
• When lit up in the
dark, the pigs
glow green