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Think, Pair, Share…….
What is different/the same about these cells?
Red blood cell
• Disk shaped
• Does not have a nucleus
• Makes up part of your blood
• Carries oxygen through your body
• Carries carbon dioxide to your lungs for you to breathe out
• Made in your bone marrow (soft tissue inside your bones)
White blood cell
• Round
• Contains a nucleus
• Makes up a very small portion of your blood
• Part of your immune system, attacks foreign objects in your body
• Made in your bone marrow (soft tissue inside your bones)
Platelets
• Very tiny compared to red and white blood cells
• Does not have a nucleus
• Travel in blood to find cuts and scrapes on your skin
• “plug” the cuts and scrapes to stop them from bleeding and help
them heal
• Made in your bone marrow (soft tissue inside your bones)
Proteins
• Cells look and function differently because of the
proteins they have
• Proteins can dictate cell shape (morphology), the way the cell moves,
and the types of signals they receive
How are proteins made?
• DNA serves as the template for making
proteins
• The combinations of the sequence of
nucleotides (A,T,C, and Gs) are a code for
the structure of the protein.
• One sequence of nucleotide
combinations that make one protein is
called a gene
What is Gene Expression?
•
When a gene is expressed – that gene’s protein
product is made:
1. DNA is transcribed into RNA
2. RNA is translated into Protein
3. Protein is folded and transported so it is functional
•
•
When a gene is not expressed – these steps do not
happen
Gene is “silenced” – the protein is not made
• Though every cell in a multicellular organism has the same DNA, not
every gene is expressed.
• The different combinations of genes expressed (proteins made) is
what makes cells different.
• Stem cells can make different kinds of cells by expressing different
proteins
Make your own cells
• Transcribe and translate different genes to make proteins specific to
the three types of blood cells we have discussed.
AUG (start codon): Met-Methionine
UUU: Phe-Phenylalanin
CUU: Leu-Leuicine
GUU: Val-Valine
UCU: Ser-Serine
UAA (stop codon)
Hemoglobin- Met-Leu-Leu-Ser -Val-Val-Phe-Phe-Phe-Val-Leu-Ser-Ser-UAA
Platelet Dervied Growth factor (PDGF)- Met- Ser-Val-Val-Val-Phe-Leu-Phe-Leu-Leu-Ser-Phe-Val-UAA
Myeloperoxidase (MPO)- Met-Phe-Leu-Phe-Leu-Val-Ser-Leu-Phe-Phe-Phe-Val-Leu-UAA