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SBI3U: Genetic Processes Date: _________________ Introduction to Genetics Following the lesson you should be able to define the following terms: DNA: Chromosomes: Diploid: Haploid: The chromosomes from the parents are of the ____________, just different ______________________, so each child has ________________________________________________. Autosomes: Sex Chromosomes: Genes: Trait: Genes that control traits have different _______________________. Alleles: Since everyone has two copies of each chromosome, then a person also has _________ alleles for each trait, one from each ________. Who discovered alleles? SBI3U: Genetic Processes Date: ____________ History of Genetics and Mendel’s Laws What were the beliefs of the following people with respect to the study of genetics? 19th Century Greeks: Darwin (1870’s): Gregor Mendel (1822 - 1884): ___________________ Used ______________ to study genetics, heredity and variation. Looked at 7 different traits that only had _________________________. From his meticulous work he came up with many “key terms” and, more importantly, two generalizations that later became known as _____________________. Considered the father of genetics (now aka ____________________________) Why the pea plant? Purebred Homozygous Parent (P) generation Filial (F1)generation Hybrids Heterozygous Dominant Recessive Phenotype Genotype Law of Segregation Law of Independent Assortment