Download Anxiety3

Anxiety Disorders
Kimberley Clow
[email protected]
http://instruct.uwo.ca/psychology/155b
Outline
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Finish Theory & Methods Lecture
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Humanistic to End
Anxiety Disorders
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Phobias
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Panic Disorder
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Specific
Social
Agoraphobia
Agoraphobia connection
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Phobias
30
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20
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15
10
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Crowds
Closed Spaces
Social
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Dentist
0
Blood
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Phobia
Related to experience?
3 Main Types
5
Animal
Age of Onset
25
Different phobias
seem to emerge at
different ages
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Specific Phobias
Social Phobias
Agoraphobia
Specific Phobias
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4 Major Subtypes
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Animal
Natural Environment
Blood, Illness,
Injections
Situations
Social Phobia
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Excessive fear of social
situations in which a
person might be evaluated
and possibly embarrassed
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Public speaking
Meeting strangers
Using public washrooms
Eating in public
Eating while people are
watching you
Agoraphobia
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An intense fear of
being in public places
where escape or help
may not be readily
available
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Crowded places
Driving on a bridge or
tunnel
Using the subway
Enclosed spaces
Causes?
 Psychoanalysis
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Phobias occur when unconscious sexual
impulses threaten to emerge into
consciousness
 Cognitive
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Phobias are acquired through classical
conditioning and maintained through
operant conditioning
 Biological
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Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
Approach
People are biologically prepared to
develop certain fears
Diatheses
Stress
Model
Panic Disorder
Causes?
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Biological Factors
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Genetics
Suffocation False Alarm
Theory
Cognitive Factors
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Misperceive regular body
sensations as potentially
dangerous events
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Again, it is our
interpretations that cause
our emotions and
behaviour
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
 Have
you ever tried NOT to think of
something?
Food when dieting?
 An ex after a break-up?
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 Obsessive-Compulsive
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Disorder
Involves recurrent obsessions or
compulsions that are serious enough to
adversely affect a person's life
Most Common Obsessions
Fear of contacting dirt, germs, or of
touching infected people or objects
 Disgust over body waste or secretions
 Undue concern that a job has not been
done adequately, even when the person
knows that it was done well
 Fear of committing a crime or hurting
someone
 Fear of shouting obscenities or insults
 Fear of thinking antireligious or sexual
thoughts
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Causes?
 Biological
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Factors
Genetics
 CBT
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Learned an
inappropriate and now
vicious reinforcement
cycle that is difficult to
break
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
 Excessive
worry
and anxiety
 What
causes
someone to be a
“Worry Wart”?
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Causes?
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Biological Factors
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Family Systems
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Family instability
Cognitive Factors
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Pysiological Hyperreactivity
Shattering Assumptions
Other Factors
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Preexisting Distress
Coping Style
Social Support
Frequency of Anxiety Disorders
Treatment of Anxiety Disorders
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Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
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Exposure is key
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Debate irrational thoughts
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Baby steps
Work through trauma for PTSD
Pair with relaxation training
That symptoms are catastrophic (Panic Disorder)
That stimulus is harmful (Phobia)
Drugs
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Medication without CBT has proven to be only
temporarily helpful
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Many negative side-effects and some are addictive
Relapse is common
Treatment of OCD in Particular
 In
addition to the therapy in the
movie…
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Medication
 SSRIs
 Helps up to 60% of patients; High relapse
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CBT
 Exposure
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and Response Prevention (ERP)
Psychosurgery
 Lesion
to the cingulate bundle
 Succeeds in approximately 30% of cases