Download Rome Unit Exam Study Guide McGraw Teacher KEY

Rome Unit Exam Study Guide McGraw-Hill
Name ____________________________________
Sanford 2017
Period ________________ Date _______________
Directions: Use your notebook, corrected reading guides and textbook to answer the following questions.
C11L1 The Founding of Rome
1.1 Describe the geography of Rome. Tell about the city's location… Describe landforms that were important to the city and its success.
Centrally located on the Italian Peninsula, Inland 15 miles on the Tiber River (no pirates), Seven Hills made it easy to defend, fertile soil
and mild climate (lots of growing season), Mountains: Alps to the NORTH and the Apennines as a spine on the Italian Peninsula (north to
south)
1.2 Who was the city of Rome named after? Twin brothers Romulus and Remus founded the city of Rome, fought over it’s naming and
Remus was killed. Rome was named in honor of the winning twin brother Romulus.
2. How did Rome try to treat conquered people and what did they expect from the conquered peoples?
Rome tried to treat the conquered people fairly. They allowed the conquered peoples to become citizens and hold some government jobs
Rome expected; raw materials, taxes, and a marketplace for Roman good from conquered peoples
3. What kind of government did the Romans develop after they kicked out the Last Etruscan king and why did they choose this form of
government? After the Romans kicked out the last Etruscan king they didn't want any one person to have so much power again. They
developed a republic with a Senate and two consuls who each had the power of veto. In a republic the citizens vote for their leaders.
4. How were the Romans able to gain control of the Italian Peninsula?
Rome built a strong army! Each Legion had 6,000 men. Rome eventually conquered all of their neighbors and controlled the Italian
Peninsula.
C11L2 Rome as a Republic
5. What were the two social classes in Rome? Explain what each was like, and explain which class had the most power?
The PLEBIAN class was the ordinary, everyday, working class of Rome. People in this class were farmers, laborers, artisans and
merchants.
The PATRICIAN class was the wealthy upper class of Rome. They were families that owned land and businesses. They were the ruling
class of Rome.
Both classes paid taxes and served in the army.
The Patrician class had the most power. Eventually the plebeians refused to fight in the army unless they were treated more fairly. This
helped somewhat but they still didn't have a lot of power.
6. What were consuls? Explain their power in the Republic of Rome
Two patricians were elected to serve as counsels for one year. They were administrators who ran the government and served as army
leaders. They each had the power of veto over the other. No idea, law or policy would go forward if one of the two consuls "vetoed" it.
7. What was the Senate and who served in the Senate?
The Senate was the legislative (law making) group in the Roman Republic. It was made up of 300 patrician men. Senators; debated
foreign policy, proposed laws and approved the construction of roads and bridges.
C11L3 End of the Republic
8. Who was Julius Caesar? Explain what he did and what happened to him in the end…
Julius Caesar was a powerful General who conquered lands including Gaul (France). He won a war against the Senate and Pompey. He
declared himself dictator for life. He was soon assassinated by a group of Senators on his way to the Senate. He was popular with the
poor as he made reforms that helped them.
C11L4 Rome builds an Empire
9. What was the Pax Romana? Explain…
The Pax Romana was the Roman Peace. It was a time of economic prosperity and peace. The Pax Romana lasted for two-hundred years.
10. What important things did Caesar Augustus do for Rome?
Developed a permanent professional army, made boundaries along natural features, repaired and improved buildings and fountains in
Rome, "I found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble!", named a proconsul for each province, imported grain from Africa to
feed the poor.
11. What part of a Roman City was similar to the Greek agora (p. 340)? Explain,
Rome had the Forum (page 340). It was similar to the Greek agora. The Forum was a marketplace and public square. It had many shops,
temples and public buildings.
12. What does "Bread and Circuses" mean? And why did the Roman rulers use this policy?
In order to control the poor and keep them from rioting, the Roman government provided the poor with grain (food) and free tickets to
the circus. Keeping the poor fed and entertained made the poor easier to control because they were happy.
C12L1 Roman Way of Life
13.1 Discuss the freedom of women in Roman society…
In Roman society the more rich and powerful a woman's husband was the more influence and freedom his wife would have.
Women were in charge of the home. Eventually they could own land.
13.2 What power did fathers have over their children in early Rome? In early Rome fathers could sell their children into slavery or have
them put to death.
13.3 What percent of the population on the Italian Peninsula in 100BC were slaves? 40%
14. What was life like for the poor Romans? Talk about their jobs, and housing etc.…
Many plebeians were poor and jobless. They lived in tall wooden apartment buildings that could easily catch fire or collapse. They were
kept fed and entertained (Bread & Circuses) by the government so they would not riot.
C12L2 Rome’s Decline
15. How did Roman law affect our U.S. system of law?
Roman law has influenced the system of law in the U.S. as well as in many other Western Nations. Our U.S. systems believe in the "Rule
of Law" that the legal system will treat all equally… The U. S. system of law like the Roman before it believes a person is innocent until
proven guilty.
16. What were some of the things that weakened the Roman Empire and caused it to fail?
Government grew weak/ weak corrupt rulers
Loss of values: duty, honor, courage
Wealthy Romans stopped paying taxes
INFLATION; government made more money but it was of less value… Merchants had to charge higher prices … more money but of less
value
17. What modern languages sprang from Latin, the language of the Romans?
Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian
18. What tragedy happened in AD 79 in Pompeii? The volcano, Mount Vesuvius erupted destroying Pompeii and burying it in ash and
debris.
Vocabulary Review: Use this Unit Exam Vocabulary "Hot -List" to help you prepare for the exam! Review the words and the definitions
before the exam!
Rome Vocab Review C11 L1, 2, 3, 4 and C12 L1, L2
Republic: a form of government where citizens vote for their leaders
Legion: large group of Roman Soldiers
Mountain pass: a route or path between mountains at a lower elevation
Patrician: wealthy upper class Roman (ruling class)
Plebeian: ordinary citizen
consul: one of two leaders in the republic
veto: Latin for “forbid” reject or say no
Dictator: leader appointed during an emergency with powers of a king but only 6 months
latifundia: large farming estates
triumvirate: three rulers who share equal power
Pax Romana: Roman peace
proconsul: governor of a Roman province
gladiator: person who fought animals & people for public entertainment
vault: curved ceiling
inflation: economic situation with more money but it has less value
reform: political changes to bring about improvement