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PERIOD 1: KEY QUESTION RESPONSES 1. Darwin’s observations Finches were different Each island’s organisms were a little different / had variations Witnessed natural disasters (volcanos, earthquakes) Used his observations to create theory of evolution 2. Darwin’s thoughts on the differences between species All adapted differently Environmental changes and genetic variations that caused changes Their differences helped them to survive in their different habitats/locations/environments Finches – different beaks for different food supplies 3. Natural Selection overproduction variation competition selection survive & reproduce making too many babies small changes between organisms food, shelter, water, mates only the well adapted organisms live allows them to pass on their good traits through their genes 4. Natural Selection Evolution NS over and over, the organism changes, leading to evolution Over many generations & lots of time 5. How do genes related to evolution? We pass down our good traits, which are made of GENES 6. Examples of adaptations Physical: gliding frogs Chemical: skunk odor Behavioral: mating PERIOD 2 - KEY QUESTION RESPONSES 1. Darwin’s observations Variation & specific characteristics between species on different islands Remains of extinct organisms Plant life Earthquakes, volcanos 2. Darwin’s thoughts on the differences between species Organisms slowly changed in order to adapt to their environment 3. Natural Selection overproduction variation competition selection Survive & reproduce Organisms have lots of babies Each baby is a little different (genes/alleles) Food, space, water, mates The best will survive / survival of the fittest Pass on their traits/genes to their offspring 4. Natural Selection Evolution Those that survive continue to change a little more, and natural selection continues Natural selection over many generations leads to big changes, which is evolution Long, slow process 5. How do genes related to evolution? Only info on genes can be passed down through natural selection, leading to evolution 6. Examples of adaptations Physical – mimicry Behavioral – mating Chemical – odor PERIOD 4: KEY QUESTION RESPONSES 1. Darwin’s observations Found different types of birds – each had a different beak depending on which island it lived on Collected lots of materials and used it to develop his theory of evolution Saw fossils of extinct organisms Experienced volcanos and earthquakes 2. Darwin’s thoughts on the differences between species They changed over time depending on their environment (food, predators, etc…) 3. Natural Selection overproduction variation compete selection Survive & reproduce Having lots of babies; not all live Each baby is a little different; because of DNA/Genes Mates, food, water, space/shelter Only some survive; survival of the fittest Pass on their traits (DNA/genes) to babies 4. Natural Selection Evolution Only the best adaptations will be passed on to offspring and over many generations we see change in the species Happens slowly over many generations 5. How do genes related to evolution? Only traits controlled by genes can be passed on to offspring 6. Examples of adaptations Physical – fur, claws Chemical – skunk spray, poison Behavioral – mating, hunting, red chest bird! PERIOD 5: KEY QUESTION RESPONSES 1. Darwin’s observations Plants and animals that were new to him Different adaptations among animals (birds had different beaks) Fossils of ancient/extinct organisms Collected many samples of materials from the Galapagos…studied them at home Experienced an earthquake and volcanos Coral growing up out of the ocean…thought that the land was shifting up 2. Darwin’s thoughts on the differences between species Many differences were because of the different foods the organisms ate (beaks) The environment led to differences (iguanas) 3. Natural Selection overproduction variation competition selection Survive & reproduce More babies born that can survive Each baby will be a little different bc of their GENES/DNA Food, space, mates, water Some will be better suited for their environment (survival of the fittest) Allows well suited organisms to pass on their DNA to offspring 4. Natural Selection Evolution These little changes lead to bigger changes The best organisms survive, reproduce and this leads to more well adapted organisms Very slow…depends on life cycle time 5. How do genes related to evolution? w/o genetic variation, all species would have the same chance of survival or death individuals of the same species can change over time differently bc of their different variations 6. Examples of adaptations Physical – thumb Chemical – stink bug Behavioral – bullet ants took the sick ant away from colony PERIOD 6: KEY QUESTION RESPONSES 1. Darwin’s observations Diversity of organisms around the world Remains of ancient/extinct organisms Animals were different from each other between islands on the Galapagos Animals appeared to change over time (giant fossils vs. regular sized living organisms) 2. Darwin’s thoughts on the differences between species The organisms changed over many generations and became better suited to their environment Differences in organisms were the result of their environment (food) 3. Natural Selection overproduction variation competition selection Survive & reproduce Have more babies than needed or will survive Each baby is a little different bc of GENES/DNA Food, shelter, water, mates Survival of the fittest Pass on our good traits via our DNA/genes 4. Natural Selection Evolution Offspring are all different and over time that leads to a big change (evolution) Helpful traits will gradually become more common in a population (evolution) 5. How do genes related to evolution? Evolution is only controlled by genes! 6. Examples of adaptations Physical – wings to fly; thumbs, camo, beaks Behavioral – mating, hunting Chemical – poison, odor