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Chapter 12 DNA Notes Section 12.2 Structure of DNA Section 12.3 DNA Replication Section 12.1 Identifying the Substance of Genes Section 12.2 Structure of DNA DNA is a molecular structure containing the info that a cell needs to carry out all of its functions. In a way, __________________________________________________________ . DNA is a nucleic acid macromolecule made of nucleotides joined into long strands by covalent bonds. It is located in the ___________________________________________________ cells and the ___________________________________________________ cells. Key Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Guanine (G) 4 Bases Compliments +____________________ Bonds ________________________________________ ________________________________________ DNA structure is a double helix. The two strands of the double helix run _______________________ (_________________________________). Scientists involved in solving DNA structure: ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ Section 12.3 DNA Replication Section 12.2 Summary -DNA Structure -Scientists Involved Before a cell divides, it duplicates its DNA in a copying process titled _____________________________________ . This process ensures each resulting cell has same complete set of DNA molecules. Replication Process – DNA serves as ________________________________________ . 4 Parts to DNA Replication 1. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 2. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 3. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 4. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ Replication Fork ___________________________________________________________________________________ Prokaryotic Replication _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ Eukaryotic Replication _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ Section 12.3 Summary -DNA Replication -Replication Fork -Pro Vs. Euk Section 12.1 Identifying the Substance of Genes Bacterial Transformation – allowed scientists to discover DNA was responsible for carrying traits from one generation to the next. (Remember, Mendel didn’t know about DNA – just traits) Bacterial Transformation – one type of bacteria changed permanently into another Frederick Griffith transformed bacteria and Oswald Avery discovered the DNA in bacteria in the mice/pneumonia experiments was responsible for genes/traits. Hershey and Chase experiment showed DNA was in ALL living organisms (they studied viruses). Role of DNA in Heredity DNA that makes up genes must be ______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ . Just like your iPod! – stores, copies, and plays/transmits music. Section 12.1 Summary -Bacterial Transformation -Bacteriophage -Role of DNA in heredity Chapter 12 DNA Section 12.2 Structure of DNA Section 12.3 DNA Replication Section 12.1 Substance of Genes