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DNA 1/25/16
Fold your thumb in to the palm of your hand. Then, try the
following activities without using your thumb: 1. writing your name.
2. untying your shoe 3. picking up your notebook. How does the
structure of your hand (thumb included) help you perform these
functions?
Nature is smart!
• In living things, structure (what something looks like) and
function (what something does) tend to be aligned. In today’s
lesson, we will see how the structure of cellular organelles help
the cell perform the 6 functions required for life.
Announcements
• I have written lab report feedback for about half of you. PLEASE read what I have to
say and revise your work. 
• We have lots of things happening in the next 2 weeks. (Don’t worry, it will be ok.) We
are starting the project component of EKS 2 in class today. The project will be worth
50% of your EKS 2 mastery grade.
• Make sure that you are reviewing your notes daily, so that when we have a written
assessment, you do not hate life. (Tentative date for EKS 2 written assessment is
2/4/16. I will not spring it on you.) I am expecting you to work on your EKS 2 project
at home, which should help guide your studying.
Plant Data Collection!
Reminder of hierarchy…
Atoms
Molecules
Viruses
Macromolecules
Organelles
Cells
Prokaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
Animal Cells
Plant Cells
There are two major cell types:
EUKARYOTIC
“true” “nut/kernel”
and
PROKARYOTIC
“before” “nut/kernel”
Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotic cells do
not. Prokaryotic cells were here first.
Prokaryote vs Eukaryote
• Prokaryotes
• Do not have membranebound organelles and a
nucleus
• Ex: Bacteria
• Eukaryotes
•
Have membrane-bound
organelles and a nucleus
•
Ex: Fungi, Plants,
Animals, You!
ALL CELLS (eukaryotic and prokaryotic)
HAVE:
• 1) Cell membrane
• 2) Cytoplasm
• 3) DNA
• 4) Ribosomes
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Flash back to Friday…
• What were some similarities and differences that you observed
between human cheek cells and onion cells?
Structure: Why are plant cells rectangular,
while cheek cells are round/globular?
The reason is linked to the cells’ function: What is the difference
between an onion plant’s job and your mouth’s job?
Onion Cells
Structure: The rectangular, blocky looking structures that you see
are the cells. The dark line surrounding each rectangle is an
organelle called the cell wall.
Function: Cell walls offer structural support. They let each cell fill
up with more water without bursting. This keeps the cells “full” and
upright. Since plants have no skeleton, they use turgor pressure
(pressure of water against the inside of the cell) to stand up. This is
important because plants need to access light to survive. (limp
plants have low turgor pressure. They are not “full.”)
Cheek Cells
Structure: The cells are round/globular. They do not have
cell walls, so their shape is less rigid and structured.
Function: The human mouth is the first site of digestion.
You would not want your mouth cells to be rigidly
structured like a plant cell, because the inside of your
mouth needs to be able to move and connect fluidly with
the other cells in your body.
Are all plant cells rectangular and all animal
cells globby glob shaped?
Are all plant cells rectangular and all animal
cells globby glob shaped?
NO! The structure depends on the function.
We’ve seen that cell structure depends on
function.
• How do organelle structures contribute to organelle
function, and the function of the cell as a whole?
In the body, there
are organs. In the
cell, there are
organelles.
CASE STUDY PROJECT!