Download Chapters 5-8a

Biology 100
Chapters 5-8
Chapter 5
1. Something that speeds the rate of a chemical reaction, but is not used up in that reaction called a:
a. catalyst
b. catabolic molecule
c. coenzyme
d. ATP
2. The amount of energy it takes to get a chemical reaction going is known as
a. starting energy
b. ATP
c. activation energy
d. denaturation
3. When a protein’s three-dimensional structure has been altered to the extent that it no longer
functions, it has been
a. denatured
b. killed
c. anabolized
d. completely inhibited
4. Which of the following contains the greatest amount of potential chemical-bond energy?
a. AMP
b. AD
c. ATP
5. What is meant by the term binding site? Active site?
6. What factors influence the turnover rate of an enzyme?
Chapter 6
1. Organisms that are able to use basic energy sources, such as sunlight, to make energy-containing
organic molecules from inorganic raw materials are called
a. autotrophs
b. heterotrophs
c. aerobic
d. anaerobic
2. Cellular respiration processes that do not use molecule oxygen are called
a. autotrophs
b. heterotrophs
c. aerobic
d. anaerobic
3. When skeletal muscle cells function anaerobically, they accumulate the compound _____, which
causes musle soreness.
a. pyruvic acid
b. malic acid
c. carbon dioxide
d. lactic acid
4. How many ATP are formed in each reaction? Where do each occur?
a. Glycolysis
b. Kreb’s Cycle
c. Electron Transport Chain
5. What is the difference between an endergonic and an exergonic reaction?
6. What is the difference between anabolic and catabolic pathways?
7. What is the main difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?
8. Give the overall chemical reaction of aerobic cellular respiration.
9. What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration? Anaerobic respiration?
Chapter 7
1. Where does photosynthesis get the energy to start the reaction?
2. What is the chemical reaction of photosynthesis?
3. In what part of photosynthesis is oxygen a waste product?
4. Give the three parts of photosynthesis, and whether or not they have to have sunlight to occur.
5. What is light? What type of energy is it?
6. Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum has the longest wavelength? The shortest? Which of
these has the highest-energy photons?
7. What are we seeing when we see color?
8. Why do we see other color leaves than green in the fall?
9. What are carotenoids?
10. Which reaction in photosynthesis uses CO2 to synthesize plant molecules?
Chapter 8
1. How are adult stem cells different from embryonic stem cells?
2. Give three differences for DNA and RNA.
3. What are the roles of messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in
protein synthesis?
4. Give the complementary strand and determine if it is DNA or RNA.
AUCGGCU
TCGCAGT
5. Do errors occur in the replication of DNA?
6. What is a codon?
7. During protein production, what are the products of transcription? What are the products of
translation?
8. In the sequence of DNA, there is a codon which reads UGG for Tryptophan, has mutated to now read
UGA, which is a stop codon. Which type of mutation occurred?
a. Point mutation
b. Nonsense Mutation
c. Silent Mutation
d. Missense Mutation
9. In another sequence of DNA, a single nucleotide is changed to another one of the other three
nucleotides, but does not change the amino acid. Which type of mutation occurred?
a. Point mutation
b. Nonsense Mutation
c. Silent Mutation
d. Missense Mutation
10. Which two types of mutation cause a frameshift change?
11. Where does the translation part of protein synthesis occur?
12. State the process that occurs in the transcription step of protein synthesis.
13. State the process that occurs in the translation step of protein synthesis.