Download DNA and RNA Paper Lab Answer Key 1. deoxyribose C5H10O4

DNA and RNA Paper Lab Answer Key
1. deoxyribose C5H10O4, phosphoric acid H3PO4; Note that conventionally, numbers following the element indicate
the number of atoms of that element in a molecule or compound and that 1's are omitted.
2. a. guanine
b. cytosine
3. thymine, adenine, guanine, cytosine
4. a. Each nucleotide is alike in that it contains deoxyribose, phosphoric acid (phosphate) and a nitrogen base.
Many of you also noted that they have a common ring structure.
b. Each nucleotide differs in the number/type and arrangement of atoms in the nitrogen base.
5. Deoxyribose and phosphoric acid (phosphate) make up the sides (rails) of the ladder.
6. Each base attaches to deoxyribose.
7. The nitrogen bases make up the ladder's rungs.
8. No
9. Cytosine and guanine; adenine and thymine
10. If there are 4 guanines, there would be four cytosines.
11. a. answers may vary; I hope you answered yes!
b. T-A; A-T; G-C; G-C; C-G
12. The new molecules contain the same number of rungs.
13. The order from top to bottom of the base pairs is the same in each molecule (although the two strands of each
molecule run in opposite directions and are "opposites", in terms of bases)
14. There are four molecules of adenine and thymine in each DNA molecule.
15. Yes
16. Yes, the DNA molecules are exact copies of each other.
17. The code of a chromosome is the specific order of bases in DNA.
18. a. Thymine is replaced by uracil in RNA
b. In RNA, ribose replaces deoxyribose
19. G-C, A-T, C-G, U-A
20. Yes.
21. Table Results:
DNA should be checked for deoxyribonucleic acid; deoxyribose present; phosphoric acid present; A, T, G, and C
present; formed from nucleotides; double stranded; remains in nucleus; contains a chemical message or code.
RNA should be checked for ribonucleic acid; ribose present; phosphoric acid present; A, U, G, and C present;
formed from nucleotides, single stranded, moves out of nucleus, contains a message or chemical code.
The Central Dogma: DNA to RNA to Protein Computer Lab Answer Key
Replication
1. Orig. Strand: AAT
GCC
AGT
GGT
TCG
CAC
Complementary: TTA
CGG
TCA
CCA
AGC
GTG
2. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are the purines.
3. Thymine (T) and cytosine (C) are the pyrimidines.
4. A forms two hydrogen bonds with T and C forms three hydrogen bonds with G.
5. Each new nucleotide chain "matches" (is the opposite of) the one on which it is formed.
6. One half of each new DNA chain is from the original molecule and one half is new.
7. Covalent bonds connect the nucleotides along the sides of the ladder.
8. Hydrogen bonds join the two halves of the ladder together.
Review questions
1. Cells replicate DNA during S phase (DNA synthesis) before cell division so that each daughter cell has one
complete copy of all of the DNA.
Transcription
1. Orig. Strand: AAT
GCC
AGT
GGT
TCG
CAC
mRNA
UUA CGG
UCA CCA
AGC
GUG
2. The mRNA strand is identical in sequence to the complementary strand except that it has U's instead of T's.
3. Blanks should contain: uracile, deoxyribose, double-stranded.
4. Codons shown above.
Review questions
1. The DNA needs to be unzipped for transcription to occur.
2. Only one strand gets transcribed at a time.
3. Messenger RNA is single stranded.
Translation
1. Orig. Strand: AAT
GCC
AGT
GGT
TCG
CAC
mRNA
UUA CGG
UCA CCA
AGC
GUG
protein
leu
arg
ser
pro
ser
val
Computer Supplement
1. The ribosome makes proteins, sometimes also referred to as polypeptides.
2. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules carry amino acids to the ribosome.
3. The bases on the tRNA anticodon match the codon on the mRNA.
4. It is important that the mRNA is single-stranded so that the tRNA's can attach to the codons.
5. The mRNA came from the nucleus (in eukaryotes), where it was transcribed from DNA.
6. Amino acids are monomers of proteins or polypeptides.
7. The computer will have corrected your sequence as you competed it.
8. They float away to find a new amino acid.
9. A ribosome can translate any genes.
10. The gene for hemoglobin would be transcribed in a red blood cell when the body sensed that it needed more
oxygen or if the cell sensed that it was low on hemoglobin.
Mutations.
12. a.
Orig. Strand:
mRNA
protein
AAT
UUA
leu
CCC
GGG
gly
AGT
UCA
ser
GGT
CCA
pro
TCG
AGC
ser
CAC
GUG
val
c.
Orig. Strand:
mRNA
protein
AAT
UUA
leu
GCC
CGG
gly
ACT
UGA
stop
GGT
CCA
TCG
AGC
CAC
GUG
e.
Orig. Strand:
mRNA
protein
AAT
UUA
leu
GCA
CGU
arg
AGT
UCA
ser
GGT
CCA
pro
TCG
AGC
ser
CAC
GUG
val
c.
Orig. Strand:
mRNA
protein
AAT
UUA
leu
GGC
CCG
pro
CAC
GUG
val
TGG
ACC
thr
TTC
AAG
lys
GCA
CGU
arg
C
G