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Download Chapter 17 - Disorders
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Mental Disorders Ch. 17 A) Causes These tend to include exaggeration of certain behaviors that we all have or create to some extent. (inefficiency, bizarre behavior, discomfort) Also, many disorders are manifest in numerous ways, not just those stereotypes associated with “Mental Illness.” (Nervous Ticks, Hair Twirling) 1) Stress – work, family, social related 2) Sociocultural – “no crying..” “Bulimia in the U.S.” 3) Biology –chemical imbalance 4) Unknown – causes not always clear. B) Childhood Disorders 1) 2) ADD/ADHD – Attention Deficit Hyper Activity Disorder. Up to 3-5% affected Controversial. * Ritalin treatment or “Super-structured” day. * 80% boys * Long-term – relationship issues, delinquency, stigma. Autism – failed communication patterns, social interactions, and emotional response. A wide range of types and severity. No known causes or treatment other than providing structured lifestyle (TV, radio, schedule) and safety. Rising frequency…related to vaccines? Often unique actions – rocking,staring,or impersonal nature. 3X more frequent males. May exhibit special talents (high function) Echolalia – repeats previous statements. Ex. Gilbert Grape, Rain Man, Mercury Rising Asperger Syndrome a version of… Noise/hearing a factor? Reading Page 510 Attachment Disorders – A wide variety of types, variations but: they are typically connected to chaotic upbringing, violence in the home, or neglect. Frequently diagnosed in children who’ve not bonded with mom; * Good Will Hunting 3) C) Anxiety Disorders 1) 2) Characterized by feelings of impending disaster, fear, over-concern, erratic breathing/sweating episodes (P. 513/515) Panic Disorders – anxiety attacks, can increase if not treated (therapy/drugs), can be very debilitating. Phobic Disorders – Disability, fearful of particular things, events. “A fear of…” Claustro - ? Pyro - ? Hydro - ? Ergo - ? Agora - ? OCD – Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. 3) Anxiety shown with both repetitive thoughts and behavior. May be caused by many things: a) Physical (chemical imbalance) b) Guilt (dirty = bad; thus good = clean) c) Anxiety (fear of germs, intruder, impending illness or doom) 4) PTSD – Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. A more recently classified disorder (and common with returning soldiers) that involves experiences with an extremely traumatic stressor. Ex. threat of a violent death or serious injury. Symptoms: 1) re-experiencing the trauma = flashback 2) hallucinations or nightmares 3) avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma 4) numbing of emotional responsiveness 5) acute and unpredictable episodes of anger Typically the individual avoids all thoughts, emotions and discussion of the stressor event and may even experience amnesia for it. Ironically: Treatment often includes intensive therapy, and therapy canines! D) Somatoform Disorders – psychological issues are shown through physical problems: EX – Hysterical Blindness from seeing something awful. EX – Hypochondriac – major pain derived from minor issue…an exaggeration of symptoms. E) Dissociative Disorders – extreme guilt causes a blocking of part or all of our life. 1) Fugue – all blocked. New life begins (temporary.) 2) Amnesia – part blocked. Events disappear 3) Selective Forgetting – smaller portions blocked. ** Extremely rare (despite soap opera story lines) 4) Dissociative Identity Disorder. – personality is split. Rare, often trauma related, confusion common. Often the “B” person is quite the opposite of the original “A.” F) Mood Disorders: Depression most common but may include: Dysthymic vs. Major Depression may have a physical connection with low Serotonin levels (A derivative of Tryptophan – found in many healthy foods – nuts, fruits) Treatments include Prozac, Zoloft (chemical balancing) 1) 2) Mania – extreme agitation characterized by rapid speech/flight of ideas. May reach a delusional state. 3) Bi-Polar Disorder – high + low mood swings. G) Psychotic Disorders – a severe disorder that includes the following symptoms: Thought Disorder – “Huh?” Hallucination Delusion – false belief Strange Emotional Response. 1) Types: Schizophrenic – up to 1% to some degree. Symptoms include - garbled speech, hallucinations, delusions. Can be serious if untreated. Types include paranoid, catatonic undifferentiated. Episodes – periods of Psychotic Behavior between calm and coherent periods. P528/9! 2) Factors: Genetics – family history Environment – of person with the problem P.528 Physical – high levels of brain chemical Dopamine (speech related) may be present H) Personality Disorders An unusual or “off-center” personality by traditional standards 1) Anti-Social Personality Dis. – may not observe traditional values. Described as having “no conscience.” Sociopath – Hannibal Lector * Unknown Causes 2) Borderline Personality Dis. – unstable emotions, relationships, fits of rage, desperate to save relationships, but self-destructive in many facets of life. Suspicious, untrusting,. 10% Suicide, 70% harm themselves. Popular Diagnosis