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Ch 14 – 16 (blue book): Evolution ES-C3. Explain how geologic time can be estimated by multiple methods (e.g., rock sequences, fossil correlation and radiometric dating). ES-C4. Describe how organisms on Earth contributed to the dramatic change in oxygen content of Earth's early atmosphere. LS-E13. Explain that the variation of organisms within a species increases the likelihood that at least some members of a species will survive under gradually changing environmental conditions. LS-E14. Relate diversity and adaptation to structures and their functions in living organisms (e.g., adaptive radiation). LS-H20. Recognize that a change in gene frequency (genetic composition) in a population over time is a foundation of biological evolution. LS-H21. Explain that natural selection provides the following mechanism for evolution; undirected variation in inherited characteristics exist within every species. These characteristics may give individuals an advantage or disadvantage compared to others in surviving and reproducing. The advantaged offspring are more likely to survive and reproduce. Therefore, the proportion of individuals that have advantageous characteristics will increase. When an environment changes, the survival value of some inherited characteristics may change. LS-H22. Describe historical scientific developments that occurred in evolutionary thought (e.g., Lamarck and Darwin, Mendelian Genetics and modern synthesis). LS-I24. Analyze how natural selection and other evolutionary mechanisms (e.g., genetic drift, immigration, emigration, mutation) and their consequences provide a scientific explanation for the diversity and unity of past life forms, as depicted in the fossil record, and present life forms. LS-I25. Explain that life on Earth is thought to have begun as simple, one celled organisms approximately 4 billion years ago. During most of the history of Earth only single celled microorganisms existed, but once cells with nuclei developed about a billion years ago, increasingly complex multicellular organisms evolved. We will be studying many topics related to life on Earth: o the origin of the Earth, Earth’s history and how/when life first developed on Earth o different ways that organisms and populations change over time o historic ideas of life and how they were discounted experimentally o historic ideas about evolution and how the modern theory came to be o the four parts to the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection o evidence for the modern Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection o Examples of evolution in action on populations This unit will be a little different in that we will be using the blue (old) book as our main reference. It has the information a little more clear and concise. In addition, you will not have to read the whole chapters and take notes. You will be given a reading guide to fill out, due the day you take the vocab. quiz. We will be focusing our studies only on scientific explanations; those that can be disproven using scientific methodology. At the end of the unit, you will have a mixed format (multiple choice, short answer, diagrams…) test over the material. Ch 14 – 16 Vocab _____ biogenesis _____ _____ radiometric dating _____ spontaneous generation _____ _____ half life _____ _____ _____ archaea _____ _____ evolution _____ _____ natural selection _____ _____ adaptation _____ _____ relative age _____ _____ transitional species _____ _____ homologous structure _____ _____ analogous structure _____ _____ vestigial structure _____ _____ convergent evolution _____ _____ divergent evolution _____ _____ adaptive radiation _____ _____ artificial selection _____ _____ coevolution _____ _____ population genetics _____ _____ microevolution _____ _____ gene pool _____ _____ allele frequency _____ _____ phenotype frequency _____ _____ immigration _____ _____ _____ emigration _____ _____ gene flow _____ _____ genetic drift _____ _____ speciation _____ _____ morphology _____ _____ geographic isolation _____ _____ allopatric speciation _____ _____ reproductive isolation _____ _____ sympatric isolation _____ _____ gradualism _____ _____ punctuated equilibrium _____ (absolute age) _____ Hardy-Weinberg equlibrium