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Name ________________ Date_______ Period___ CHAPTER 15/16/17 BOOK WORK SECTION 15.1 DUE: __________ 1. What is evolution? ________________________________________ 2. What is a theory? ___________________________________________________________ 3. On the map below, mark the path of the voyage of Beagle. Label the Galapagos Islands. 4. Use the map on page 99 to identify at least 3 biomes that Darwin visited. _________________________________________________________________________ 5. How did Darwin explain the differences in shell shape of tortoises from Hood Island and Isabela Island? __________________________________________________________________ 6. What did Darwin’s travels reveal to him about the number and variety of living things? a. ______________________________________________________ b. ______________________________________________________ c. ______________________________________________________ 7. What kinds of questions did Darwin ask when he saw the fossils? __________________________________________________________________________ SECTION 15.2 DUE: _________ 8. Complete the following table summarizing the ideas of scientists that influenced Darwin: Scientist(s) Scientist’s Ideas Hutton and Lyell a. b. Lamarck a. b. c. How did this idea influence Darwin’s thinking? Malthus SECTION 15.3 DUE: ___________ 9. Compare artificial selection with natural selection: source of variation selection by who or what Example artificial selection natural selection 10. Explain what Darwin meant by descent by modification? 11. What 2 factors contribute to the fitness of an organism? a. b. 12. What is an adaptation? 13. What evidence for evolution did Darwin present? Evidence What is it? Example 14. Summarize Darwin’s theory in terms of: a. individual organisms _______________________________________________________ b. offspring _______________________________________________________________ c. limited resources _________________________________________________________ d. survival of individuals ______________________________________________________ e. species alive today ________________________________________________________ SECTION 16.1 DUE: __________ 15. Explain the terms a. gene pool _____________________________________________ b. relative frequency ______________________________________ 16. Define “evolution” in genetic terms _____________________________________________ 17. What are 2 sources of genetic variation? ________________________________________ 18. What is a mutation? Will a mutation always be noticeable? 19. How does sexual reproduction affect genetic variation? 20. Compare single gene and polygenic traits: Number of phenotypes possible Graph of phenotypes Example Single gene trait Poygenic trait SECTION 16.2 21. Complete the table below to compare types of selection on polygenic traits: Type of Selection Description Graph and Example Directional Stabilizing Disruptive 22. Define the following: a. equilibrium ___________________________________________________ b. genetic drift _________________________________________________ c. founder effect _______________________________________________ 23. List the five conditions required to maintain genetic equilibrium according to the Hardy-Weinberg principle: a. b. c. d. e. 24. What are the pros and cons of antibiotic use? Pros Cons SECTION 16.3 Due _________ 25. What is speciation? ________________________________________________________ 26. What MUST happen for new species to evolve? _____________________________________ 27. Compare 3 types of reproductive isolation in the table below: Type of isolation Description Example Behavioral Geographical Temporal SECTION 17.4: 28. How is a mass extinction different than a regular extinction? 29. What effects have mass extinctions had on the history of life? 30. What is adaptive radiation? 31. What is convergent evolution? 32. What factor(s) lead to convergent evolution? Due ________ 33. What is coevolution? 34. What example of coevolution did Darwin see during his travels? 35. Which model, gradualism or punctuated equilibrium, did Darwin believe was true? 36. What may cause rapid evolution after periods of equilibrium in the punctuated equilibrium model?