Download Ch 15/16/17 Reading Guide

Name ________________
Date_______ Period___
CHAPTER 15/16/17 BOOK WORK
SECTION 15.1
DUE: __________
1. What is evolution? ________________________________________
2. What is a theory? ___________________________________________________________
3. On the map below, mark the path of the voyage of Beagle. Label the Galapagos Islands.
4. Use the map on page 99 to identify at least 3 biomes that Darwin visited.
_________________________________________________________________________
5. How did Darwin explain the differences in shell shape of tortoises from Hood Island and Isabela
Island? __________________________________________________________________
6. What did Darwin’s travels reveal to him about the number and variety of living things?
a. ______________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________
7. What kinds of questions did Darwin ask when he saw the fossils?
__________________________________________________________________________
SECTION 15.2
DUE: _________
8. Complete the following table summarizing the ideas of scientists that influenced Darwin:
Scientist(s)
Scientist’s Ideas
Hutton and Lyell
a.
b.
Lamarck
a.
b.
c.
How did this idea influence
Darwin’s thinking?
Malthus
SECTION 15.3
DUE: ___________
9. Compare artificial selection with natural selection:
source of variation
selection by who or what
Example
artificial selection
natural selection
10. Explain what Darwin meant by descent by modification?
11. What 2 factors contribute to the fitness of an organism?
a.
b.
12. What is an adaptation?
13. What evidence for evolution did Darwin present?
Evidence
What is it?
Example
14. Summarize Darwin’s theory in terms of:
a.
individual organisms _______________________________________________________
b. offspring _______________________________________________________________
c. limited resources _________________________________________________________
d. survival of individuals ______________________________________________________
e. species alive today ________________________________________________________
SECTION 16.1
DUE: __________
15. Explain the terms a. gene pool _____________________________________________
b. relative frequency ______________________________________
16. Define “evolution” in genetic terms _____________________________________________
17. What are 2 sources of genetic variation? ________________________________________
18. What is a mutation? Will a mutation always be noticeable?
19. How does sexual reproduction affect genetic variation?
20. Compare single gene and polygenic traits:
Number of
phenotypes possible
Graph of
phenotypes
Example
Single gene trait
Poygenic trait
SECTION 16.2
21. Complete the table below to compare types of selection on polygenic traits:
Type of Selection
Description
Graph and Example
Directional
Stabilizing
Disruptive
22. Define the following:
a. equilibrium ___________________________________________________
b. genetic drift _________________________________________________
c. founder effect _______________________________________________
23. List the five conditions required to maintain genetic equilibrium according to the Hardy-Weinberg
principle:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
24. What are the pros and cons of antibiotic use?
Pros
Cons
SECTION 16.3
Due _________
25. What is speciation? ________________________________________________________
26. What MUST happen for new species to evolve? _____________________________________
27. Compare 3 types of reproductive isolation in the table below:
Type of isolation
Description
Example
Behavioral
Geographical
Temporal
SECTION 17.4:
28. How is a mass extinction different than a regular extinction?
29. What effects have mass extinctions had on the history of life?
30. What is adaptive radiation?
31. What is convergent evolution?
32. What factor(s) lead to convergent evolution?
Due ________
33. What is coevolution?
34. What example of coevolution did Darwin see during his travels?
35. Which model, gradualism or punctuated equilibrium, did Darwin believe was true?
36. What may cause rapid evolution after periods of equilibrium in the punctuated equilibrium model?