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BI 102 2017 Objectives and Assessments Week Activity # Any Any Lecture 1 Nature of Science (Lecture) 2 9 10 Compare and contrast aspects of the lives of Gregor Mendel and Charles Darwin. Exam #1 11 Describe the scientific studies and contributions of both Mendel and Darwin. Exam #1 3 4 5 7 8 1 Darwin, Mendel, and Scientific Inquiry (Recitation) 12 13 Genetics and Evolution of Corn (Lab) 14 15 16 17 Readings (Science, Mendel) 18 19 20 Chromosomes and DNA (Lecture) 21 22 23 2 24 DNA and Proteins (Lecture) Primary Assessment Describe a current biology news story that was introduced in lecture. (if used, objective #1 will be identified in lecture) Explain how science differs from other fields of study and why science is important in addressing global issues. Provide examples of how BI 102 topics relate to daily life. Give examples of research-based learning techniques. Define artificial selection and provide examples. Describe early ideas of inheritance, including how technology impacted these ideas. Outline Mendel’s life and work, including his Principles (Laws) of Inheritance. Explain how and why Mendel’s work went unrecognized and what it took for Mendel’s work to be “rediscovered.” Define and provide different aspects of science, including observations, inferences, hypotheses, theories, and laws. 6 Mendel (Lecture) Objective 25 26 27 Reflect on personal understandings of science. Describe and complete a monohybrid (“one trait”) cross of corn kernel color, including three generations (P, F1, and F2). Define the following genetics terms: dominant, recessive, genotype, phenotype, gene/allele, homozygous, and heterozygous. Provide characteristics of corn structures, traits and life cycle. Discuss corn history including human domestication and uses of corn. Observe corn seedlings and analyze information. Describe four assumptions of the scientific world view, five aspects of scientific inquiry, and four characteristics of the scientific enterprise. Explain Mendel’s experiments and Principles of segregation and independent assortment. Define what a chromosome is, and discuss where chromosomes are located. Outline the discovery of the structure of DNA, including the key researchers and their work. Describe the structure of DNA, including the double helix and various molecules that comprise the larger macromolecule. Explain the relationship between chromosomes, DNA, genes, alleles, proteins, and observable traits. Describe basic protein structure and function, including amino acids and polypeptides. Outline the steps of protein synthesis, including transcription and translation. Provide examples of how toxins and antibiotics relate to protein synthesis. Describe types of “Non-Mendelian” inheritance and how it relates to proteins. 179 Any Exam Exam #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Portfolio #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Portfolio #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 28 Artificial Selection (Recitation) 29 30 31 32 Chromosomes, DNA, and Proteins (Lab) 33 34 35 Readings (DNA and RNA, Protein Synthesis) 36 37 38 Mutation and Variation (Lecture) 39 40 41 42 43 Development (Lecture) 44 45 46 3 Variation (Recitation) 47 48 49 Reproduction and Growth (Lab) 50 51 52 53 Readings (Mutation Epigenetics) 4 Human Inheritance (Lecture) 54 55 56 57 Describe possible processes of how wolves may have developed into many varieties of modern dogs. Give examples of traits artificially selected for that appear in modern dogs. Provide examples of how inbreeding relates to genetic disorders in dogs. Summarize video information on dog artificial selection. Utilize a model to construct DNA, make an mRNA copy of DNA (process of transcription) and from the mRNA, produce a small protein fragment (process of translation). Describe details of chromosome, DNA, RNA, and protein structure and function. Define terms related to genomes, including gene, intron, exon, and the genetic code. Summarize the process of protein synthesis in a drawing. Compare and contrast the structures and functions of DNA and RNA. Outline, in detail, the steps of protein synthesis, including the roles of mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA in the process. Define what a mutation is and what causes mutations. Describe the most likely and least likely effects of mutations on cellular function. Explain variable gene expression, how it is possible for all cells to have the same DNA but make different proteins. Explore epigenetics, how gene expression can be impacted by chemicals attached to the DNA macromolecule. Compare the genomes and life cycles of various organisms. Link chromosomes and the processes of meiosis, fertilization, and mitosis to life stages. Describe the role of master control genes in embryonic development. Describe how environmental factors can alter successful development. Provide different sources and examples of variation within species. Utilize different models linking variation to artificial and natural selection. Follow the inheritance pattern of traits in a dihybrid cross. Complete a dihybrid cross with correct genotypes and phenotypes. Describe the processes of mitosis and meiosis. Link meiosis and mitosis to the life cycles of various species. Utilize a model to demonstrate how crossing over during meiosis can lead to increased genetic variation. Map the location of genes on a chromosome using crossover data. Describe what a mutation is, the typical impact, how mutations relate to alleles and variation, and the role of DNA repair. Describe what “epigenetics” means, what attaches to the DNA, how a parent’s experiences may impact offspring, and the experiments with rats that revealed epigenetic impacts. Describe the human genome, including chromosomes and genes. Provide examples of chromosomal mutations in humans. 180 Exam #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Portfolio #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Portfolio #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Portfolio #2 Exam #1 Exam #1 Exam #1 Portfolio #2 Exam #1 Exam #1 Exam #2 Exam #2 58 59 60 Medical Genetic Technologies (Lecture) 61 62 63 64 Human Genetics (Recitation) 65 66 67 68 69 Human Genetic Disorders (Lab) 70 71 72 Readings (RNAi, stem cells) 73 74 75 Agriculture and Genetic Engineering (Lecture) 76 77 78 79 5 Future of Genetics (Lecture) 80 81 82 Genetic Technologies (Lab only, no recitation this week) 83 84 85 Describe the inheritance patterns and symptoms of human genetic disorders caused by gene mutations. Explain how cancer has a genetic basis and how it can relate to both “nature and nurture.” Explain what stem cells are, where stem cells are found, and potential uses of stem cells. List various types of genetic screening, from prenatal through adult. Describe the current status of gene therapy, including the potential role of gene editing. Discuss the eugenics movement of the early twentieth century and how it may relate to current genetic technologies. Study human traits to determine whether they follow Mendelian or non-Mendelian patterns of inheritance. Analyze human pedigrees to determine the genetic basis of inherited traits. Provide characteristics of the human genome, including karyotype and chromosomal features. Construct a human pedigree based on family data. Identify chromosomal disorders from karyotype data. Provide the genetic basic, inheritance patterns and symptoms for various gene-based genetic disorders. Examine pedigree and geographic data to study the genetic basis of lactose intolerance. Describe why humans lack the ability to produce vitamin C. Analyze exam results to improve learning and performance on future exams. Explain what RNAi is and how it may be used to alter the course of human diseases. Compare and contrast embryonic and adult stem cells, describe what pluripotent stem cells are, and how stem cells can be used. Describe the basic techniques that are used in genetic engineering. Provide examples of plants that have been genetically modified and explain why these crops are significant. Provide examples of genetically modified animals, including salmon. Describe the technique of cloning and provide examples of organisms that have been cloned. Explain how genetics and evolution relates to human aging. Provide examples of genetic technologies that were previously considered to be “science fiction” but now may be reality. Describe the efforts to revive “relic DNA” and long-extinct species. List the basic techniques and uses of genetic technologies. Provide examples of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), including successes and failures in producing chimeras. Describe how DNA fingerprinting can be used in criminal and paternity cases, as well as for tracking genetic disorders. Give examples of recent advancement in stem cell and cancer research. 181 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Portfolio #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Portfolio #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 86 Readings (Cloning, Extinct Animals) 87 88 89 Darwin (Lecture) 90 91 92 93 Origins of Species (Lecture) 94 95 96 97 6 Evolution Case Studies (Recitation) 98 99 100 101 Speciation and Islands (Lab) 102 103 104 Readings (Darwin, Speciation) 105 106 107 108 Eons of Life (Lecture) 7 109 110 Extinctions (Lecture) 111 112 Make follow-up observations of corn seedlings and analyze information. Describe what cloning is, what can be cloned, whether humans have been cloned, the potential drawbacks of cloning animals, and the basics of therapeutic cloning. Discuss which extinct species may be “brought back to life” and the techniques being used. Provide the cultural context and details of Darwin’s life and work. Explain the impact of Darwin’s theory of natural selection and clarification of the laws of evolutionary change. Define genetic drift and explain how it adds complexity to the mechanisms of evolutionary change. Revisit “Darwin’s finches” and describe what modern researchers have discovered about these species. Define what a species is and why reproductive isolation is critical in a new species forming. Distinguish between different paths to speciation. Provide examples of speciation, including current-day examples. Describe what a hybrid is and provide examples. Describe how fossils, DNA, and geographical data are used to reconstruct relationships. Provide examples of the impact of variation on evolutionary change. List key aspects of fish evolution. Reflect on how scientific ideas are subject to change and how scientific knowledge is durable. Describe the unique Hawaiian Island species and a variety of reasons for why several are facing extinction. Utilize a model to describe how geographic isolation can lead to alterations in allele frequencies and formation of a new species. Analyze phylogenetic trees of lizard species on the Canary Islands. Connect science to another field by generating a visual work of art about changes in nature. Discuss Darwin’s early life, how the Galápagos finches are an example of natural selection, and how Darwin’s theory related to the works of Lyell, Malthus, Wallace, and Boucher de Perthes. Define what speciation is, various forms of reproductive isolation, evidence for speciation, and cospeciation. Describe hypotheses for the origins of life and early Earth conditions of the Precambrian Supereon. Provide examples of species in the Paleozoic Era, and how the Era may have ended. Explain why the Mesozoic Era is sometimes called the “Age of Dinosaurs” and describe how the Era may have concluded. Explore the conditions of the Cenozoic era, including the dominant species. Describe large scale and smaller scale causes of species extinctions. Explain how a genetic bottleneck can lead to extinction. 182 Portfolio #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Portfolio #3 Exam #2 Exam #2 Exam #2 Portfolio #3 Exam #2 Exam #2 Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam 113 114 Structures and Behaviors (Recitation) 115 116 117 118 Eras and Periods of Time (Lab) 119 120 121 Reading (Geologic Time) 122 123 Tree of Life (Lecture) 124 125 126 127 Hominan (Lecture) 128 129 130 8 131 Vertebrate Evolution (Recitation) 132 133 134 135 Dinosaurs (Lab) 136 137 138 139 Define “wild genes” and why they may be significant. Provide examples of current efforts to maintain genetic diversity. Model and describe relationships between predator and prey populations. Summarize the impact of chance on a population, as well as the significance of adaptations. Analyze and discuss predator-prey data. Outline geologic time, including major events like the Permian-Triassic extinction. Provide examples of different organisms from the Precambrian and the three most recent eras. Describe fossil organisms, including specimens found in Oregon. Construct a paper timeline that shows the relative timespan of life on Earth. Describe events, geologic features, and key species of each of the following time spans: Hadean, Achaean, and Proterozoic Eons of the Precambrian Supereon, as well as the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic Eras of the current Phanerozoic Eon. Describe the types and uses of early and modern evolutionary trees. Use an evolutionary tree to show the relationship between different groups of vertebrates including dinosaur reptiles and birds. Explain how evolutionary trees can be predictive, using Tiktaalik as an example. Define coevolution and how it can be represented by evolutionary trees. Define the “hominan” and provide characteristics of species within this taxonomic group. Provide examples and characteristics of human-like species that came before genus Homo in the fossil record. Describe species within genus Homo, including physical characteristics, behaviors, and locations. Explore the impact of recent fossil finds in revealing a more complex picture of human evolution. Outline the evolutionary tree of vertebrates, including the distinctions between synapsids and diapsids. Provide characteristics of large aquatic and flying reptiles that used to be classified as dinosaurs. Describe how living reptilian species relate to extinct species. Describe why different misconceptions are incorrect in a way that would make sense to someone who may not be familiar with biology. Discuss the types of evidence used to reconstruct dinosaur history. Classify and provide examples of different groups of dinosaurs, including the ornithischians and two saurischian groups (sauropods and theropods). Describe characteristics of dinosaurs, including claws, skulls, teeth, and feeding characteristics. Link dinosaurs to the origins of birds. Locate and summarize a current news story about dinosaurs. 183 Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Portfolio #3 Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Portfolio #3 Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Portfolio #3 Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Portfolio #3 Readings (Dinosaur Researchers, Homo naledi) 140 141 142 Modern Humans (Lecture) 143 144 145 146 Individual Behaviors (Lecture) 147 148 149 150 9 Population Data (Recitation) 151 152 153 154 Mammalian and Human Evolution (Lab) 155 156 157 Readings (Early Agriculture, Imprinting) 158 159 160 Behaviors and Fitness (Lecture) 161 162 10 163 Social Behaviors (Lecture) 164 165 Explain why there are now so many dinosaur discoveries and provide examples of dinosaurs that were in the news in 2014. Discuss how Homo naledi fossils were found, where they are located, their characteristics, and the potential significance of this species. Explain how changes in the cerebral cortex and speech capabilities relate to human evolution. Outline agricultural advancements and their impact on Homo sapiens sapiens. Describe how infectious diseases have impacted, and continue to impact, our species. Provide information on the current and projected status of our species. Define what a behavior is and how it relates to external and internal factors. Identify different types of innate behaviors. List various learned behaviors, including examples of species that demonstrate these behaviors. Describe basics aspects of human learning. Use data sets to determine differences in population sizes and growth rates among nations and regions, based on birth rate, death rate, fertility rate, and age structure. Analyze figures and charts to draw conclusions about population growth and resource utilization. Describe factors that can impact population growth of humans and other species. Describe and provide specific examples of mammalian evolution, including monotremes and marsupials. Examine characteristics and ancestry of primates. Provide characteristics of Hominan, as well as research on Homo sapiens sapiens. Explain the difference between the four blood types and Rh factor and the relationship between blood types and human disease. Describe how incidence of malaria relates to frequency of the sickle cell anemia allele. Outline when and where agriculture began, including examples of species from different world regions. Describe what imprinting is, the contribution of Konrad Lorenz, and why imprinting is considered when raising endangered species. Describe how genetics and evolution relate to animal behavior. Provide examples of how genetics and environmental cues relate to migration. Describe the value of sexual reproduction, in contrast to asexual reproduction. Provide diverse examples of sexual selection, including simple and elaborate mating rituals. Link social behaviors to fitness, including cooperative, competitive, altruistic, and spiteful behaviors. List various forms of animal communication, including advantages and disadvantages. 184 Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam 166 167 168 169 Animal Behaviors (Lab) 170 171 172 Readings (Crows, Jane Goodall) 173 174 Describe different types of animal societies, including eusocial termites and bees. Relate genetics, evolution, and behavior to the context of human societies. Provide examples of innate and learned behaviors that impact organism fitness. Describe the activity patterns of montane voles in relationship to circadian rhythms. Distinguish between kinesis and taxis behaviors. Define invertebrates and describe the physical characteristics, habitats, and basic behaviors of planaria, earthworms, daphnia, sowbugs, and Madagascar hissing cockroaches. Identify male and female crickets and describe differences in their structures and behaviors, including chirping and egglaying. Outline the studies that reveal aspects of crow intelligence, including use of analogies. Describe the work of Jane Goodall, including what Dame Goodall learned about chimpanzees, and her current conservation efforts. 185 Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam Final Exam 186