Download MS Word

BSC 197
Summer 12
Study Guide for Exam 1
Note: The test will be written in such a way that someone with perfect memorization of
keywords would get a high B. There will be questions that will test whether you understand the
relationships between ideas and if you can use the memorized information to form ideas of your
own. I use the word understand rather than just know for that reason.
Part 1-Themes in Biology
You should know and understand:
The levels of organization of multicellular organisms and how they are related
What is meant by an emergent property
The 5 kingdoms and three domains of organisms
How the scientific method works
The role of model systems and some examples
Part 2-Chemistry of Biology
You should know and understand:
Which elements are most important for life
Atomic structure, atomic mass, and atomic number
Electron configuration and valence of oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon
How valence affects chemical bonding
The different types of chemical bonds and how they are formed
How hydrogen bonding works
What makes some molecules polar?
How molecular shape influences biological function
Molecular mimicry
Part 3-Water and Carbon in Biology
You should know and understand:
The physical and chemical characteristics of water and how these are important from a biological
perspective
Why carbon-based molecules are so diverse and how diversity arises
Be able to recognize the structures of functional groups commonly found on organic molecules
and their properties (Figure 4.10 in book)
Part 4-Biological Macromolecules
You should know and understand:
How polymerization is accomplished
Dehydration and hydrolysis
Be able to recognize the general structures of each type of macromolecule and its monomer
The functions of carbohydrates
How starches, monosaccharides, disaccharides and storage molecules differ
The biological role of cellulose
The structural difference between starch and cellulose
Lecture 2
The biological functions of fatty acids and lipids
How fats are assembled
The structure and role of phospholipids
The structure and function of lipid bilayers
The various functions of proteins and why they are so versatile
Know the four functional groups of amino
How 20 possible amino acids at each position can result in high levels of sequence variation.
The amino and carboxyl termini and polarity of protein synthesis
The four levels of protein structure
Lecture 3
The general structures of nucleotides
The different bases found in DNA and RNA
The structural and functional differences between DNA and RNA
The structure of the Double Helix
Part 5-Intro to Metabolism
You should know and understand:
The Central Dogma of informational flow in cells
Why organisms need energy input
Catabolism and Anabolism and how they interact
How ATP is used for short term energy storage
Phosphorylation of intermediates
How enzymes function
How inhibition occurs
Part 6-Cells and Cell organelles
You should know and understand:
Part 1
The differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells
Why cells tend to be small
The structure and functions of cell membranes
Diffusion and Osmosis
The common methods by which molecules get inside of a cell and how these methods differ
How membrane pumps work and their uses
The role and importance of compartmentalization within a cell
Part 2
The three major forms of membrane facilitated cell uptake and the resulting vesicles
The structure and function of the nucleus and its components
The location, structure and function of ribosomes
The two types of Endoplasmic reticulum and their respective functions
Part 3
The structure and function of the Golgi and how it interacts with the ER
The process of cell renewal and how it is accomplished
Lysosomes, peroxisomes and glyoxysomes -their origins, structures and functions
Cell death and its biological uses