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NAPA implementation
in practice
IFAD’S COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES
on
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
Khalida Bouzar, GEF Coordinator
LEG meeting, Bangkok, 3-5 September
2007
AGRICULTURE
and
CLIMATE CHANGE
Linkages between agriculture
and climate change (1)

Agriculture is considered one of the most vulnerable sectors to
climate change:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Threats to food security
Increased stress on fragile farming systems
Loss of biodiversity/Agro-biodiversity
Decrease in water availability and quality
Reduction of crop resilience to climate variability
Negative impact on animal health, livestock production
and fisheries
– Impacts on national economies, especially of LDCs, since
agriculture is the major economic activity in most of them.
Linkages between agriculture
and climate change (2)

At the same time it is
also one of the main
contributor to GHGs
emissions:
Agriculture Emissions 2005
7%
11%
38%
– CO2 emissions mainly from
land use change;
– Methane (CH4) emissions
from the livestock sector
and from rice production;
– nitrous oxides (N2O) from
the use of fertilizers.
12%
32%
N 2O soils
CH 4 e nte ric
Bioma ss burning
R ice mgmt.
othe r
GHGs from agriculture

Most of the emissions proceeding from agriculture occur in
developing countries……and emissions from agriculture in
developing countries are estimated to increase.
N20 emissions
CH4 emissions
Possible interventions
in the agricultural sector

Mitigation
– Switching to no-tillage or low-tillage techniques to preserve carbon
stored in soil;
– Reducing methane’s emissions from rice production through better tillage
practices, water management and crop rotation;
– Using more efficiently nitrogen fertilizer to reduce nitrous oxide;
– Improving land use and management practices (LULUCF);
– Forestry;
– Sustainable Coastal management and fisheries.

Adaptation: The choice of the best adaptation options depends on
country-specific vulnerabilities
– Wide range of possible options, including adopting new cultivars or
changing crops and planting date, crops rotation, alternative tillage
systems and erosion control techniques
– Improve risk management and preparedness, especially with reference to
extreme events, are two important components of adaptation ( early
warning systems, drought contingency plans, response to flooding, raising
awareness, water management, etc)
IFAD’s ROLE IN
ADDRESSING CLIMATE
CHANGE
IFAD’s mandate




IFAD’s goal is to empower poor people in developing
countries to achieve higher incomes and improved food
security
IFAD’s target group is made up of extremely poor and
vulnerable people: small farmers, herders, rural women, etc.
Climate change has been acknowledged in IFAD’s 2007-2010
Strategic Framework as one of the factors causing rural
poverty and IFAD clearly mentioned climate change as one of
the new challenges that it needs to address.
Under the IFAD/GEF-4 engagement strategy, IFAD is
committed to give priority to innovative themes, such as
climate change and especially adaptation and to support pilot
and demonstration projects for adaptation to climate change.
IFAD’s expertise:
implications for climate change

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IFAD has a comparative advantage in working on combating land degradation,
rural sustainable development and integrated natural resource management
Through its past projects on irrigation, drought preparedness, contingency
plans, renewable energies, etc. as well as GEF projects, IFAD has gained
experience on climate change.
IFAD’s engagement on climate change is based mainly on developing activities
that nurture linkages between Sustainable Land Management and climate
change.
Based on its experience, IFAD has a clear comparative advantage on adaptation
to climate change rather than mitigation.
However, the recent broadening of the GEF Climate Change window to land
use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) opens to IFAD interesting
perspectives for future involvement on climate change mitigation.
Some concrete examples

Sri Lanka: The GEFSEC approved a project for grant under the SPA

Bangladesh: The Special Assistance Project for Cyclone-affected

In Sub-Saharan Africa, IFAD supports inter alia adaptation to
(one of the 3 GEF Adaptation financing mechanisms) entitled “Participatory
Coastal Zone Restoration and Sustainable Management in the Eastern
Province of post-tsunami Sri Lanka”. The long-term goal of the project is
the rehabilitation and sustainable management of Tsunami-affected
ecosystems, including adaptation against extreme climatic events in
coastal zones.
Rural Households is a concrete example of IFAD’s response to natural
disasters. The project strengthened the coping strategies of poor rural
households hit by the cyclone in 1991.
climate change within the framework of a Regional Partnership on SLM
(TerrAfrica) and its Strategic Investment Programme (SIP).
IFAD: a KEY actor
for the GEF

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In 2001, the Council of the Global Environment facility (GEF)
named IFAD a GEF executing agency in recognition of its
expertise in land degradation.
IFAD’s flexible programme approach and long-term lending
framework are conducive to close collaboration with the GEF in
addressing global environmental concerns while meeting local
development needs.
In June 2007, the GEF Council recognized that, in addition to
land degradation, IFAD had developed the capacity to work in
other GEF focal areas, such as biodiversity and climate change.
GEF components within IFAD’s
projects: co-financing and baseline
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Brazil VenezuelaChina Sri Lanka ASEAN Tunisia Morocco Jordan Ethiopia
LAC
ASIA
NENA
Mali
Kenya
SubSaharan Africa
CCDrelated
Global
IFAD: an important partner for
NAPA implementation in LDCs

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Most of the NAPA indicate agriculture as a
prioritized sector of intervention
Given its experience on agriculture, IFAD can
implement the relevant proposed projects and
facilitate the access of LDCs to GEF funding

NAPA projects can be fully blended within IFAD
portfolio

IFAD will also gain from this partnership by further
climate proofing its portfolio

Thus, it is a win-win situation for both players!
Road map for the implementation
of the NAPAs with IFAD
Countries* with NAPA already
completed and approved
Project Proposal
(related to a sector of intervention of IFAD
and integrated into a baseline)
IFAD
PMD
GEF Unit
PIF/PPG with L.E of the
country GEF focal point
Implementation
(*) A country where IFAD has an active portfolio
PPG phase
(if approved): project preparation
Project approval by IFAD,
the government and the GEF
Thank you!