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NNHS Biology 611 2016-17 Protein Structure Activity Proteins are ubiquitous in organisms. That means they are everywhere! (There’s even a protein called ubiquitin, and it’s in all cells and controls who “lives” and who “dies” among all the proteins in the cell.) All proteins have two things in common: They are all made of chains of building blocks called amino acids. The shape the chain of amino acids folds into is what makes each chain into a protein with a specific function. There are 20 different amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Which ones, how many, and in what order determine the shape of the chain that folds to make the protein. Each of the 20 amino acids has common features that enable it to polymerize, by dehydration synthesis, with other amino acids. Each of the 20 amino acids differs in one part of its structure, and these differences are what determine the ultimate shape and properties of the protein. Keep in mind that this is a model, and not what the amino acids actually look like! Amino Acid #1 Amino Acid #2 The -OH on the right side of the model, and the H- on the left side of the model are lost as a molecule of H2O during dehydration synthesis. NNHS Biology 611 2016-17 DO THIS: 1) Fold a piece of paper once in a hot dog fold, and then fold the hot dog into thirds with hamburger folds. 2) Unfold your paper. It should have 6 sections, like this: 3) In each of the 6 sections, draw a basic amino acid like #1 or #2 on the previous page. 4) Cut along the folded lines so you have 6 separate amino acids. 5) Walk around the room and polymerize a polypeptide chain by carrying out dehydration synthesis with your amino acids. You’ll need scissors and tape to do this. NOTE: Save the water molecules you make in the process! NNHS Biology 611 2016-17 This is a table of all 20 amino acids. Don’t worry. You do not have to learn them all! This is just to show you how they differ, and to give you an idea why different combinations will end up being very different proteins! NNHS Biology 611 2016-17 You are being assigned a protein that is found commonly in the human body, or has some significance in the human diet. Do a little on-line research and find out where this protein is found (e.g. in what kind of tissue) and what it does. Is it a structural protein? Is it an enzyme? Does it have a different function If so, what is that function? Go to: PDB101 https://pdb101.rcsb.org/ and find your protein. Take a good look at its shape. How would you describe it? Can you make a connection to the shape of the protein and its function? For homework, make a mini-poster of your protein (8.5” x 11”) on the card stock provided. Include: The name of your protein The function of your protein In what tissues or structures your protein is found A picture of a model of your protein molecule 1. Hemoglobin A 2. ABO glycosyltransferase 3. Alpha-amylase 4. Lactate dehydrogenase 5. Thrombin 6. Collagen 7. Beta crystallin 8. Tubulin (Microtubules) 9. Catalase 10. Myoglobin 11. Anti-freeze proteins 12. Fibrin 13. Pepsin 14. Serum albumin 15. Glucagon 16. Antibodies 17. RuBisCo 18. Nitrogenase 19. Myosin 20. Actin 21. Titin 22. Influenza neuraminidase 23. Rhodopsin 24. Insulin