Download Name: Genetics Week 7 Review for Test 1. Figure 1 The diagram

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Genetics Week 7 Review for Test
1.
Figure 1
The diagram represents a portion of a
double stranded DNA molecule. The base
sequence of strand II is most likely
1. CACTGG
2. GGTCAC
3. GTGACC
4. GTGUCC
2.
Figure 2
Base your answer on the diagram of some cell structures
and events associated with enzyme synthesis and on your
knowledge of biology. The function of the ribosome is to
1.
2.
3.
4.
3.
initiate the process of cell division
control the cell's activities
provide the site for the synthesis of protein molecules
control the passage of materials into and out of the cell
The shape of a protein molecule is influenced by
1.
2.
3.
4.
whether it is organic or inorganic
the sequence of amino acids in it
the number of genes found in the nucleus
the number of chromosomes in the cell
4.
Figure
3
Which process is illustrated in the diagram?
1. crossing-over
2. nondisjunction
3. sex determination
4. independent assortment
5.
Figure 4
The type of molecule represented above is found in organisms.
Which statement correctly describes the sequence of bases found in this type of molecule?
1.
2.
3.
4.
6.
below?
1.
2.
3.
4.
7.
tree?
1.
2.
3.
4.
It changes every time it replicates.
It determines the characteristics that will be inherited.
It is exactly the same in all organisms.
It directly controls the synthesis of starch within a cell.
Which statement best expresses the relationship between the three structures represented
DNA is produced from protein absorbed by the cell.
Protein is composed of DNA that is produced in the cell.
DNA controls the production of protein in the cell.
Cells make DNA by digesting protein.
Which situation would most directly affect future generations naturally produced by a maple
Ultraviolet radiation changes the DNA sequence within some leaves of the tree.
Ultraviolet radiation changes the DNA sequence within the gametes of some flowers of the tree.
An increase in temperature reduces the number of cell divisions in the roots.
Rapidly growing cells just under the bark are exposed to radiation, causing changes in genetic
material.
8.
Even though each body cell in an individual contains the same DNA, the functions of
muscle cells and liver cells are not the same because
1.
2.
3.
4.
mutations usually occur in genes when muscle cells divide
liver tissue develops before muscle tissue
liver cells produce more oxygen than muscle cells
liver cells use different genes than muscle cells
9.
Which event occurring in the life cycle of a bacterium most directly involves the replication
of DNA?
1.
2.
3.
4.
The bacterium copies its single chromosome.
As the cell grows, the two copies of the chromosome separate.
The cell divides as a partition separates it into equal halves.
Each new cell receives one copy of the chromosome.
10.
Figure 5
Base your answer to the question on the diagram of a cell associated with coordination and on your
knowledge of biology.
Structure X would be involved in the
1.
2.
3.
4.
storage of digestive enzymes
absorption of energy from the Sun
development of pathogens
synthesis of proteins
11.
Figure 6
Base your answers on the diagram which provides information related to heredity, and on your
knowledge of biology.
Which molecules are represented by box B?
1. bases
2. proteins
12.
3. amino acids
4. simple sugars
Which is an example of environmental influence on gene expression?
1.
2.
3.
4.
the production of plants bearing oval squash from parent plants bearing round and long squash
the effect of light on chlorophyll production in plants
the pattern of inheritance for sex-linked traits in humans
the production of human offspring with blood type AB
13.
Some steps involved in DNA replication and protein synthesis are summarized in the table below.
In which step would a mutation lead directly to the formation of an altered gene?
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
14.
Because x-rays and ultraviolet light can change the chemical nature of DNA, they are
known as
1. mutagenic agents 3. hydrolytic enzymes
2. growth regulators 4. toxic wastes
15.
Cloning an individual usually produces organisms that
1.
2.
3.
4.
contain dangerous mutations
contain identical genes
are identical in appearance and behavior
produce enzymes different from the parent
16.
When a person's teeth are being x-rayed, other body parts of this person are covered with a
protective lead blanket to prevent
1.
2.
3.
4.
loss of hair
increase in cell size
changes in DNA molecules
changes in glucose structure
17.
When the bacterium Serratia marcescens is grown on a sterile culture medium in a petri
dish at 30°C, the bacterial colonies are cream colored. When this same bacterium is cultured under
identical conditions, except at a temperature of 25°C, the colonies are brick red. This difference in
color is most likely due to the
1.
2.
3.
4.
type of nutrients in the culture medium
sterilization of the culture medium
effect of temperature on the expression of the gene for color
effect of colony size on the synthesis of color pigments
18.
Figure 7
The diagram shows two different structures, 1 and 2, that are present in many
single-celled organisms. Structure 1 contains protein A, but not protein B, and structure 2 contains
protein B, but not protein A.
Which statement is correct concerning protein A and protein B?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Proteins A and B have different functions and different amino acid chains.
Proteins A and B have different functions but the same amino acid chains.
Proteins A and B have the same function but a different sequence of bases (A, C, T, and G).
Proteins A and B have the same function and the same sequence of bases (A, C, T, and G).
19.
Base your answer to the question on the diagram below, which
represents a sequence of events in a biological process that occurs
within human cells and on your knowledge of biology.
Figure 8
Molecule A contains the
1.
2.
3.
4.
20.
starch necessary for ribosome synthesis in the cytoplasm
organic substance that is broken down into molecules B, C, and D
proteins that form the ribosome in the cytoplasm
directions for the synthesis of molecules B, C, and D
The sequence of subunits in a protein is most directly dependent on the
1.
2.
3.
4.
region in the cell where enzymes are produced
DNA in the chromosomes in a cell
type of cell in which starch is found
kinds of materials in the cell membrane
21.
A change in the base sequence of DNA is known as
1. a gene mutation 3. nondisjunction
2. a karyotype
4. polyploidy
22.
A diploid cell of a normal human male contains
1. 22 autosomes and two Y-chromosomes
2. 22 pairs of autosomes and two Y-chromosomes
3. 22 pairs of autosomes, one X-chromosome, and one Y-chromosome
4. 22 autosomes and two X-chromosomes
23.
The transfer of genes from parents to their offspring is known as
1. differentiation 3. immunity
2. heredity
4. evolution
24.
Synthesis of a defective protein may result from an alteration in
1.
2.
3.
4.
vacuole shape
the number of mitochondria
a base sequence code
cellular fat concentration
25.
Although genetic mutations may occur spontaneously in organisms, the incidence of such
mutations may be increased by
1.
2.
3.
4.
radioactive substances in the environment
lack of vitamins in the diet
a long exposure to humid climates
a short exposure to freezing temperatures
26.
Three structures are represented in the diagram below.
What is the relationship between these three structures?
1. DNA is made up of proteins that are synthesized in the cell.
2. Protein is composed of DNA that is stored in the cell.
3. DNA controls the production of protein in the cell.
4. The cell is composed only of DNA and protein.
27.
[Refer to figure 8 in question 19]
Molecules B, C, and D are similar in that they are usually
1.
2.
3.
4.
composed of genetic information
involved in the synthesis of antibiotics
composed of amino acids
involved in the diffusion of oxygen into the cell
28.
A variety of plant produces small white fruit. A stem was removed from this organism and
planted in a garden. If this stem grows into a new plant, it would most likely produce
1.
2.
3.
4.
large red fruit, only
large pink fruit, only
small white fruit, only
small red and small white fruit on the same plant
29.
A random change in the base sequence of DNA resulting in the production of a defective
protein is called
1. translocation 3. deletion
2. addition
4. gene mutation
30.
Figure 9
The diagrams represent portions of the genes that code for wing structure in two organisms of the same
species. Gene 1 was taken from the cells of a female with normal wings, and gene 2 was taken from the
cells of a female with abnormal wings. The abnormal wing structure was most likely due to
1. an insertion
2. a substitution
3. a deletion
4. normal replication
31.
Mustard gas removes guanine (G) from DNA. For developing embryos, exposure to
mustard gas can cause serious deformities because guanine
1.
2.
3.
4.
32.
stores the building blocks of proteins
supports the structure of ribosomes
produces energy for genetic transfer
is part of the genetic code
What determines the kind of genes an organism possesses?
1.
2.
3.
4.
type of amino acids in the cells of the organism
sequence of the subunits A, T, C, and G in the DNA of the organism
size of simple sugar molecules in the organs of the organism
shape of the protein molecules in the organelles of the organism
33.
omit
34.
Strontium-90, a radioactive isotope found in nuclear fallout, is incorporated and used by the
human body in much the same manner as calcium. Because of its radioactive nature, strontium-90
would probably
1.
2.
3.
4.
35.
cause disjunction of chromosomes
take the place of phosphorus in chromosomes
act as a mutagenic agent within bone cells
inhibit the development of mutations
Which statement best describes the relationship between cells, DNA, and proteins?
1. Cells contain DNA that controls the production of proteins.
2. DNA is composed of proteins that carry coded information for how cells function.
3. Proteins are used to produce cells that link amino acids together into DNA.
4. Cells are linked together by proteins to make different kinds of DNA molecules.
36.
In all organisms, the coded instructions for specifying the characteristics of the organism
are directly determined by the arrangement of the
1.
2.
3.
4.
twenty kinds of amino acids in each protein
twenty-three pairs of genes on each chromosome
strands of simple sugars in certain carbohydrate molecules
four types of molecular bases in the genes
37.
The chart below shows relationships between genes, the environment, and coloration of
tomato plants.
Which statement best explains the final appearance of these tomato plants?
1.
2.
3.
4.
The expression of gene A is not affected by light.
The expression of gene B varies with the presence of light.
The expression of gene A varies with the environment.
Gene B is expressed only in darkness.
38.
The enzyme pepsin is produced in the cells of the stomach but not in the cells of the small
intestine. The small intestine produces a different enzyme, trypsin. The reason that the stomach and
small intestine produce different enzymes is that the gene that codes for pepsin is
1.
2.
3.
4.
in the cells of the stomach, but not in the cells of the small intestine
expressed in the stomach but not expressed in the small intestine
mutated in the small intestine
digested by the trypsin in the small intestine
39.
The human liver contains many specialized cells that secrete bile. Only these cells produce
bile because
1.
2.
3.
4.
different cells use different parts of the genetic information they contain
cells can eliminate the genetic codes that they do not need
all other cells in the body lack the genes needed for the production of bile
these cells mutated during embryonic development
40.
Figure 11
Base your answer on the diagram of the chromosomes from a human cell and on your knowledge of
biology. The chromosomes are arranged to show
1. homologous pairs
2. tetrads
3. independent assortment
4. nucleotides
41.
A certain protein is found in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and bacteria. This provides
evidence that plants and bacteria
1.
2.
3.
4.
have some similar DNA base sequences
can use carbon dioxide to make proteins
digest proteins into simple sugars
contain certain pathogenic microbes
42.
If the pattern of inheritance for a trait is complete dominance, then an organism
heterozygous for the trait would normally express
1.
2.
3.
4.
43.
the recessive trait, only
the dominant trait, only
a blend of the recessive and dominate traits
a phenotype unlike that of either parent
Figure 12
The diagram represents a change that occurred in a pair of chromosomes during the formation of an egg
cell. The letters represent genes on the pair of chromosomes. The alteration that occurred will most
likely
1.
2.
3.
4.
be passed on to every cell that develops from the egg cell
change the chromosome number of the body cells that develop from the egg cell
convert sex cells into body cells
trigger the production of pathogens
44.
Two proteins in the same cell perform different functions. This is because the two proteins
are composed of
1.
2.
3.
4.
chains folded the same way and the same sequence of simple sugars
chains folded the same way and the same sequence of amino acids
chains folded differently and a different sequence of simple sugars
chains folded differently and a different sequence of amino acids
45.
The diagram below represents a portion of a type of organic molecule present in the cells of
organisms.
What will most likely happen if there is a change in the base sequence of this molecule?
1.
2.
3.
4.
The molecule will be converted into an inorganic compound.
The amino acid sequence may be altered during protein synthesis.
The chromosome number will decrease in future generations.
The chromosome number may increase within the organisms.
46.
Bacteria that produce colonies containing a red pigment were distributed on nutrient agar and exposed
to ultraviolet light for several days. The colonies that developed were red, with the exception of one
colony that was white. The appearance of a white bacterial colony most likely resulted from
1. a mutation
2. codominance
3. synapsis
4. multiple alleles
47.
The diagram below shows some of the steps in protein synthesis.
The section of DNA being used to make the strand of mRNA is known as a
1. carbohydrate 3. ribosome
2. gene
4. chromosome
48.
In fruit flies with the curly wing mutation, the wings will be straight if the flies are kept at
16°C, but curly if they are kept at 25°C. The most probable explanation for this is that
1.
2.
3.
4.
fruit flies with curly wings cannot survive at high temperatures
the environment influences wing phenotype in these fruit flies
high temperatures increase the rate of mutations
wing length in these fruit flies in directly proportional to temperature
49.
Figure 13
Base your answer on the diagram and your knowledge of biology. Which process results in the
formation of chromatid Z from chromatids A and B?
1.
2.
3.
4.
intermediate inheritance
nondisjunction
codominance
crossing-over
50.
Genes for two different traits that are located next to each other on the same chromosome
would most likely be
1. inherited separately 3. recombined
2. codominant
4. inherited together