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1. Slide 1
Digestive System
In this unit, we will discuss the digestive sytem.
2. Slide 2
Digestive system
The Digestive system is also called Gastrointestinal System or GI system. Its main
functions deal with the digestion of food, the absorption of nutrients and the elimination
of solid wastes.
3. Slide 3
Digestive System
The organs of the Gastrointestinal tract include:
Oral cavity
Pharynx
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Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Colon
4. Slide 4
Digestive System
The digestive system also includes a variety of accessory Organs which include:
Pancreas
Liver
Gallbladder
Salivary glands
5. Slide 5
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Digestive System
Let’s discuss how each of the organs of the digestive systems in achieving the
functions we previously discussed.
Oral Cavity -- this is where digestion begins when food enters mouth. The food mixes
with saliva which contain digestive enzymes and helps in lubricating the food as it
begins its journey.
Pharynx - The pharynx is a common pathway for both digestion and respiration. The
pharynx is part of both the digestive and respiratory systems. Its purpose in the
digestive system is to direct food into the esophagus
6. Slide 6
Digestive System
The Esophagus is essentially the conduit for food from the pharynx to the stomach.
The esophagus moves the food along through wavelike muscular movements.
The Stomach is where the food is collected and churned. The food is mixed with
hydrochloric acid (HCl) to form chyme which is a watery mixture of food and digestive
juices
7. Slide 7
Digestive System
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The chyme leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine. The small intestine is
where digestion is completed and the majority of absorption occurs. The small
intestine can be divided into 3 sections - The duodenum, the jejunum and the illeum.
The Duodenum is the First section and is about 10-12 inches long. The jejunum is
the Second section and is about about 8 feet long. The Ileum is the Third section and
is about 12 feet long.
8. Slide 8
Digestive system
The Colon is 5 feet long. Any fluid that remains after digestion and absorption enters
colon. The fluid is mostly water and is reabsorbed into body. The solid waste that is
left over is called feces and is Evacuated from the body by bowel movements.
9. Slide 9
Rectum and Anus
Rectum is the storage area for feces. The rectum leads to the anus which the external
opening at the end of the digestive system. Feces are evacuated through the anus.
10. Slide 10
Accessory organs
Generally the function of accessory organs is the production of substances necessary
for chemical breakdown of food. Accessory organs include:
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Salivary glands
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
11. Slide 11
Salivary Glands
The salivary glands Produce saliva which allows food to be swallowed without choking.
The Saliva and food mixture is called a bolus. The bolus also Contains amylase
which begins the digestion of carbohydrates.
12. Slide 12
Liver
The liver is located in right upper quadrant of abdomen. The liver Processes nutrients,
helps in the detoxification of harmful substances and Produces bile. Bile aids in
breaking up large fat globules into smaller droplets. This process is called
Emulsification
13. Slide 13
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Gallbladder
The gallbladder is located under the liver and stores the bile that is produced by the
liver. The hepatic duct carries the bile from the liver into the common bile duct which
conveys it to the duodenum. The cystic duct is the short duct that joins the gallbladder
to the common bile duct.
14. Slide 14
Pancreas
The pancreas produces various digestive juices that not only help to neutralize the
acidic chyme, but also helps to digest carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins .
15. Slide 15
Peptic ulcer
The first condition of the digestive system that we’ll discuss is peptic ulcer. A peptic
ulcer is also referred to as a Gastric ulcer or Stomach ulcer. A peptic ulcer is a sore in
the lining of your stomach or your duodenum, the first part of your small intestine. A
burning stomach pain is the most common symptom. This burning stomach pain may
come and go for a few days or weeks, May bother you more when your stomach is
empty and Usually goes away after you eat. Peptic ulcers happen when the acids that
help digest food damage the walls of the stomach or duodenum. Peptic ulcers will get
worse if not treated. Treatment may include medicines to block stomach acids or
antibiotics to kill ulcer-causing bacteria.
16. Slide 16
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Gallstones
The next digestive system condition that we’ll discuss is gallstones. Gallstones are
Also called Cholelithiasis. Gallstones form when substances in the bile hardens.
Gallstone attacks usually happen after you eat. Signs of a gallstone attack may
include nausea, vomiting, or pain in the abdomen, back, or just under the right arm.
Gallstones are most common among older adults, women, overweight people, Native
Americans and Mexican Americans. The most common treatment is removal of the
gallbladder. Fortunately, the gallbladder is an organ that you can live without. Bile has
other ways to reach your small intestine.
17. Slide 17
Crohn’s Disease
The third digestive system disorder we’ll discuss is Crohn’s disease. Crohn’s disease
is also called: Regional enteritis or Regional ileitis. Crohn’s disease Causes
inflammation of the digestive system. It Can affect any area from the mouth to the
anus. It often affects the lower part of the small intestine called the ileum. Crohn's
disease seems to run in some families. It can occur in people of all age groups but is
most often diagnosed in young adults. Common symptoms are pain in the abdomen
and diarrhea. Bleeding from the rectum, weight loss, joint pain, skin problems and
fever may also occur. Other problems can include intestinal blockage and malnutrition.
Treatment may include medicines, nutrition supplements, surgery or a combination of
these options.
18. Slide 18
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Digestive system combining forms
Here are several word parts dealing with the digestive system:
an/o means anus
chol/e means bile, gall
cholecyst/o means gallbladder
choledoch/o means common bile duct
col/o means colon
enter/o means small intestine
esophag/o means esophagus
19. Slide 19
Digestive System combining forms
This slide lists more word parts dealing with the digestive system.
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gastr/o means stomach
hepat/o means liver
jejun/o means jejunum
lapar/o means abdomen
lith/o
means stone
or/o
means mouth
proct/o means anus and rectum
pylor/o means pylorus
rect/o means rectum
End of presentation
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