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comp3_unit6_lecture1 1. Slide 1 Digestive System In this unit, we will discuss the digestive sytem. 2. Slide 2 Digestive system The Digestive system is also called Gastrointestinal System or GI system. Its main functions deal with the digestion of food, the absorption of nutrients and the elimination of solid wastes. 3. Slide 3 Digestive System The organs of the Gastrointestinal tract include: Oral cavity Pharynx Component 3/Unit 6 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1/Fall 2010 1 Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Colon 4. Slide 4 Digestive System The digestive system also includes a variety of accessory Organs which include: Pancreas Liver Gallbladder Salivary glands 5. Slide 5 Component 3/Unit 6 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1/Fall 2010 2 Digestive System Let’s discuss how each of the organs of the digestive systems in achieving the functions we previously discussed. Oral Cavity -- this is where digestion begins when food enters mouth. The food mixes with saliva which contain digestive enzymes and helps in lubricating the food as it begins its journey. Pharynx - The pharynx is a common pathway for both digestion and respiration. The pharynx is part of both the digestive and respiratory systems. Its purpose in the digestive system is to direct food into the esophagus 6. Slide 6 Digestive System The Esophagus is essentially the conduit for food from the pharynx to the stomach. The esophagus moves the food along through wavelike muscular movements. The Stomach is where the food is collected and churned. The food is mixed with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to form chyme which is a watery mixture of food and digestive juices 7. Slide 7 Digestive System Component 3/Unit 6 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1/Fall 2010 3 The chyme leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine. The small intestine is where digestion is completed and the majority of absorption occurs. The small intestine can be divided into 3 sections - The duodenum, the jejunum and the illeum. The Duodenum is the First section and is about 10-12 inches long. The jejunum is the Second section and is about about 8 feet long. The Ileum is the Third section and is about 12 feet long. 8. Slide 8 Digestive system The Colon is 5 feet long. Any fluid that remains after digestion and absorption enters colon. The fluid is mostly water and is reabsorbed into body. The solid waste that is left over is called feces and is Evacuated from the body by bowel movements. 9. Slide 9 Rectum and Anus Rectum is the storage area for feces. The rectum leads to the anus which the external opening at the end of the digestive system. Feces are evacuated through the anus. 10. Slide 10 Accessory organs Generally the function of accessory organs is the production of substances necessary for chemical breakdown of food. Accessory organs include: Component 3/Unit 6 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1/Fall 2010 4 Salivary glands Liver Gallbladder Pancreas 11. Slide 11 Salivary Glands The salivary glands Produce saliva which allows food to be swallowed without choking. The Saliva and food mixture is called a bolus. The bolus also Contains amylase which begins the digestion of carbohydrates. 12. Slide 12 Liver The liver is located in right upper quadrant of abdomen. The liver Processes nutrients, helps in the detoxification of harmful substances and Produces bile. Bile aids in breaking up large fat globules into smaller droplets. This process is called Emulsification 13. Slide 13 Component 3/Unit 6 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1/Fall 2010 5 Gallbladder The gallbladder is located under the liver and stores the bile that is produced by the liver. The hepatic duct carries the bile from the liver into the common bile duct which conveys it to the duodenum. The cystic duct is the short duct that joins the gallbladder to the common bile duct. 14. Slide 14 Pancreas The pancreas produces various digestive juices that not only help to neutralize the acidic chyme, but also helps to digest carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins . 15. Slide 15 Peptic ulcer The first condition of the digestive system that we’ll discuss is peptic ulcer. A peptic ulcer is also referred to as a Gastric ulcer or Stomach ulcer. A peptic ulcer is a sore in the lining of your stomach or your duodenum, the first part of your small intestine. A burning stomach pain is the most common symptom. This burning stomach pain may come and go for a few days or weeks, May bother you more when your stomach is empty and Usually goes away after you eat. Peptic ulcers happen when the acids that help digest food damage the walls of the stomach or duodenum. Peptic ulcers will get worse if not treated. Treatment may include medicines to block stomach acids or antibiotics to kill ulcer-causing bacteria. 16. Slide 16 Component 3/Unit 6 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1/Fall 2010 6 Gallstones The next digestive system condition that we’ll discuss is gallstones. Gallstones are Also called Cholelithiasis. Gallstones form when substances in the bile hardens. Gallstone attacks usually happen after you eat. Signs of a gallstone attack may include nausea, vomiting, or pain in the abdomen, back, or just under the right arm. Gallstones are most common among older adults, women, overweight people, Native Americans and Mexican Americans. The most common treatment is removal of the gallbladder. Fortunately, the gallbladder is an organ that you can live without. Bile has other ways to reach your small intestine. 17. Slide 17 Crohn’s Disease The third digestive system disorder we’ll discuss is Crohn’s disease. Crohn’s disease is also called: Regional enteritis or Regional ileitis. Crohn’s disease Causes inflammation of the digestive system. It Can affect any area from the mouth to the anus. It often affects the lower part of the small intestine called the ileum. Crohn's disease seems to run in some families. It can occur in people of all age groups but is most often diagnosed in young adults. Common symptoms are pain in the abdomen and diarrhea. Bleeding from the rectum, weight loss, joint pain, skin problems and fever may also occur. Other problems can include intestinal blockage and malnutrition. Treatment may include medicines, nutrition supplements, surgery or a combination of these options. 18. Slide 18 Component 3/Unit 6 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1/Fall 2010 7 Digestive system combining forms Here are several word parts dealing with the digestive system: an/o means anus chol/e means bile, gall cholecyst/o means gallbladder choledoch/o means common bile duct col/o means colon enter/o means small intestine esophag/o means esophagus 19. Slide 19 Digestive System combining forms This slide lists more word parts dealing with the digestive system. Component 3/Unit 6 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1/Fall 2010 8 gastr/o means stomach hepat/o means liver jejun/o means jejunum lapar/o means abdomen lith/o means stone or/o means mouth proct/o means anus and rectum pylor/o means pylorus rect/o means rectum End of presentation Component 3/Unit 6 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1/Fall 2010 9