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Learning Outcomes
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i how glucose
 Summarize
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At the end of this topic, you o
should
tes be able to:
 Describe how ATP is made in cellular respiration.
 Identify the role of fermentation in cellular respiration.
 Evaluate the importance of oxygen in aerobic respiration.
 Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
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ATP
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ooff usable energy to power chemical
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 As ATP is broken
down,
it
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agenonusable energy as heat.
workP
and gives offPsome
How is ATP used?
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ATP
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o main kinds of work are:
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 ATP powersie
cellular
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Prev
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How is ATP used?
Chemical
Work
• Synthesizing molecules for growth
and reproduction.
Transport
Work
• Active transport, endocytosis, and
exocytosis.
Mechanical • Muscle contraction, cilia and flagella
Work
movement, organelle movement.
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Redox Reaction
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 Redox reactions
of one or more electrons (e-) from
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re to another
one P
reactant
Pag occurs in many chemical reactions.
es
 Cellular Respiration is a redox
otreaction.
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Redox Reaction
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 Glucose is oxidized when electrons
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+
1
coenzymes NAD and
FAD before
reducing
or passing them to
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oxygen.
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 Glucose is oxidized by a series of smaller steps so that smaller
packets of energy are released to make ATP, rather than one large
explosion of energy.
[ Click on hypertext for more details.]
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Types of Cellular Respiration
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 There are two types of cellular
respiration:
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i Respiration
Aerobic
Anaerobic Respiration
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 Requires oxygen in
order to generate energy
(ATP).
 Consist four process:
• Glycolysis
• Transition Reaction
• The Kerbs Cycle
• The Electron Transport
Chain and Chemiosmotic
Phonsphorylatio
 This takes place in the
mitochondria of the cells.
Last Updated:25 September 2012
 A form of respiration that can
function without oxygen.
 Example of anaerobic is
fermentation.
 This takes place in the
cytoplasm.
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Stages of Cellular Respiration uk
co.
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s 4 stages:
 Cell Respiration can be dividedtinto
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Glycolysis
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2
3
Oxidation of
Pyruvate /
Transition
Reaction
The Krebs
Cycle
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The Electron
Transport Chain
and
Chemiosmotic
Phonsphorylatio
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Stages of Cellular Respiration uk
co.
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Energy Yield of Respiration
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Accounting of Energy Yield tper
Molecule Breakdown
esGlucose
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 Glycolysis →i2eATP
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e ATP
g
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 Oxidation
→
No
PreofvPyruvate
P
 The Krebs Cycle → 2 ATP
 The Electron Transport Chain and
Chemiosmotic Phosphorylation:
• Each NADH produces 2-3 ATP
so 10 NADH → 28 ATP
• Each FADH2 produces 2 ATP
so 2 FADH2 → 4 ATP
Total Net ATP YIELD = 36 ATP
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Key Terms
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Term
Definition
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mprocessofwhen
6 an enzyme (eg: a kinase)
oThe
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f
9a phosphate group from a substrate
w transfers
Substrate-level
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phosphorylation
Pre
Pamolecule
to ADP.
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Electron Transport
Chain
Mitochondria
Fermentation
Last Updated:25 September 2012
The process of breaking a glucose molecule into
two pyruvic acid molecules.
The process of breaking down pyruvic acid into
carbon dioxide.
High energy electrons are used to convert ADP to
ATP.
The organelle in which cellular respiration takes
place.
The release of energy from food without the
presence of oxygen.
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