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Learning Outcomes k u . o le.c a N 1 m 6 o r f f o w 3 e i how glucose Summarize e is broken down in glycolysis. v g e a r P P At the end of this topic, you o should tes be able to: Describe how ATP is made in cellular respiration. Identify the role of fermentation in cellular respiration. Evaluate the importance of oxygen in aerobic respiration. Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Last Updated:25 September 2012 © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 3 ATP k u . o le.c a s e t o N 1 m 6 o f r f ooff usable energy to power chemical 3 As ATP is broken down, it gives w 1 e i v e r agenonusable energy as heat. workP and gives offPsome How is ATP used? Last Updated:25 September 2012 © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 13 ATP k u . o le.c a s e t o N 1 m 6 o f r f work. 1Three o main kinds of work are: 4 w ATP powersie cellular e g a Prev P How is ATP used? Chemical Work • Synthesizing molecules for growth and reproduction. Transport Work • Active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis. Mechanical • Muscle contraction, cilia and flagella Work movement, organelle movement. Last Updated:25 September 2012 © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 14 Redox Reaction k u . o le.c a N 1 m 6 o f r fis a transfer o 5 w Redox reactions of one or more electrons (e-) from 1 e i e v re to another one P reactant Pag occurs in many chemical reactions. es Cellular Respiration is a redox otreaction. Last Updated:25 September 2012 © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 15 Redox Reaction k u . o le.c aand H+ are passed to s Glucose is oxidized when electrons e t o N + 1 coenzymes NAD and FAD before reducing or passing them to m 6 o f r f o 7 w oxygen. 1 e i e Prev Pag Glucose is oxidized by a series of smaller steps so that smaller packets of energy are released to make ATP, rather than one large explosion of energy. [ Click on hypertext for more details.] Last Updated:25 September 2012 © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 17 Types of Cellular Respiration k u . o le.c a s There are two types of cellular respiration: e t o N 1 m 6 o f r f o 0 w 2 e i Respiration Aerobic Anaerobic Respiration e v g e r a P P Requires oxygen in order to generate energy (ATP). Consist four process: • Glycolysis • Transition Reaction • The Kerbs Cycle • The Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmotic Phonsphorylatio This takes place in the mitochondria of the cells. Last Updated:25 September 2012 A form of respiration that can function without oxygen. Example of anaerobic is fermentation. This takes place in the cytoplasm. © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 20 Stages of Cellular Respiration uk co. . e l a s 4 stages: Cell Respiration can be dividedtinto e o N 1 m 6 o f r f o 1 w 2 e i e v g e r a P P 1 Glycolysis Last Updated:25 September 2012 2 3 Oxidation of Pyruvate / Transition Reaction The Krebs Cycle © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 4 The Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmotic Phonsphorylatio 21 Stages of Cellular Respiration uk co. . e l a s e t o N 1 m 6 o f r f o 2 w 2 e i e v g e r a P P Last Updated:25 September 2012 © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 22 Energy Yield of Respiration k u . o le.c a Accounting of Energy Yield tper Molecule Breakdown esGlucose o N 1 m 6 o f r f o 7 Glycolysis →i2eATP w 4 e ATP g a Oxidation → No PreofvPyruvate P The Krebs Cycle → 2 ATP The Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmotic Phosphorylation: • Each NADH produces 2-3 ATP so 10 NADH → 28 ATP • Each FADH2 produces 2 ATP so 2 FADH2 → 4 ATP Total Net ATP YIELD = 36 ATP Last Updated:25 September 2012 © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 47 Key Terms k u . o le.c a s e t o Term Definition N 1 mprocessofwhen 6 an enzyme (eg: a kinase) oThe r f 9a phosphate group from a substrate w transfers Substrate-level 5 e i e v g phosphorylation Pre Pamolecule to ADP. Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron Transport Chain Mitochondria Fermentation Last Updated:25 September 2012 The process of breaking a glucose molecule into two pyruvic acid molecules. The process of breaking down pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide. High energy electrons are used to convert ADP to ATP. The organelle in which cellular respiration takes place. The release of energy from food without the presence of oxygen. © I-Station Solutions Sdn Bhd 59