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EVOLUTION Reference: CK-12 9.1/9.2 What did Redi and Pasteur conclude from their experiments? What is the theory of biogenesis? What are some theories about the origin of life? 1. 3. 2. 4. endosymbiont theory – Reference: CK-12 10.1 Who comes to mind when you hear ‘evolution’? _________________________________ Brief summary of his findings: what’s the difference between artificial and natural selection? evolution can be defined as: 4 principles of natural selection: 1. 2. 3. 4. 1 EVOLUTION Reference: CK-12 10.2 evidence of evolution: 1. fossil record – _________________________________ - newly evolved features that do not appear in fossils of common ancestors _________________________________ - features that do show up in fossil records _________________________________ - intermediate forms between older species and more modern descendants. 2. anatomy – _________________________________ - structures similar to those from possible ancestor _________________________________ - structures that were once homologous but now have little or no function _________________________________ - structures used for the same purpose but not inherited from a common ancestor _________________________________ - early, pre-birth stage of an organism 3. biochemistry – 4. geographic distribution – adaptation – why don’t dominant alleles just take over the recessive alleles? Reference: CK-12 10.3 5 conditions for genetic equilibrium Hardy-Weinberg Condition: Why this isn’t usually the case… 1 2 3 4 5 Can a population actually be in genetic equilibrium? Yes No 2 EVOLUTION Mechanisms that cause evolution: 1. genetic drift – a. founder effect b. bottleneck effect 2. gene flow 3. __________________________________ 4. __________________________________ 5. natural selection 6. __________________________________ (can result from reproductive isolation) What a population would ideally look like: Types of natural selection: 1. _____________________________ selection a. explain: 2. _____________________________ selection a. explain: 3 EVOLUTION 3. _____________________________ selection a. explain: 4. _____________________________ selection a. explain: Speciation – 1. allopatric speciation – Reference: CK-12 10.4 2. sympatric speciation – patterns of evolution: adaptive radiation – coevolution – convergent evolution – 2 theories of what affects the rate of speciation: gradualism – punctuated equilibrium – 4 EVOLUTION Review Questions: MULTIPLE CHOICE: Circle the letter of the ONE BEST answer that completes the statement. 1. Structures that have different mature forms, but develop from the same embryonic structure are called _______________ structures. A. Darwinian B. Lamarckian C. homologous D. fossils 2. Because of its similarities to artificial selection, Darwin referred to the “survival of the fittest” as __________________________, A. use it or lose it B. natural selection C. homologous structures D. struggle for existence 3. When farmers select the largest hogs, the fastest horses, or the cows that produce the most milk for breeding it is called ________________. A. natural selection B. artificial selection C. survival of the fittest D. homologous variation 4. An inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in its specific environment is called a(n) __________________. A. homologous structure B. vestigial organ C. adaptation D. speciation 5. A human appendix, whale hipbones, and a snake’s legs are examples of _________________ A. homologous structures B. embryonic mates C. vestigial structures D. comparative embryology 5