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Transcript
• Warm-up 5/16: Name four parts of the digestive system and state their function. Notes: Lymphatic System, Blood & Non-Specific Immune pp 940-942 Function: carries fluids that collect in tissues to blood stream Structures a. the fluid that moves through the lymphatic vessels lymph b. fluid moves by muscle contractions c. nodes filter microorganisms, tissue, and foreign junk d. lymphocytes: specialized white blood cells that fight disease transports nutrients, O2, CO2, & waste defends the body against disease plasma: liquid medium red blood cells (erythrocytes): transport CO2 and O2 white blood cells (leukocytes): defend against disease platelets: form blood clots made of 90% water, sugar, salts, amino acids, vitamins, minerals yellow in color most common in the blood made in red bone marrow made of iron-containing hemoglobin lack of nucleus leaves space to transport materials form in red bone marrow but mature in the lymph nodes many types of white blood cells partial cells formed in bone marrow release chemicals to attract a protein called fibrin to make clots PP. 957-960 Fights pathogens to prevent infections and disease Works with the lymphatic system (collects fluid and returns it to the blood) Bone marrow: produces blood cells Lymphocytes: white blood cells (wbc) Lymph nodes: stores wbc Thymus: matures wbc Spleen: contains wbc that clean out pathogens as blood filters through pathogens: cause disease 1. viruses: protein shell containing DNA or RNA 2. bacteria 3. Fungi (spores) 4. Parasites 5. Toxins (snake bites etc) 6. allergens: cause allergies Study page 957 Protects body against any pathogen, regardless of the pathogen’s identity. Skin: block entry mucous membranes: trap pathogens and move them out of the body stomach acids: destroys pathogens Inflammatory response 1. Injured cells release a chemical signal called histamine to increase blood flow to area 2. platelets cause clotting trapping pathogens 3. Area swells, becomes warm, and macrophages/phagocyte (wbc) move in and engulf bacteria interferons: enzymes that stop virus protein production fever: slow growth of bacteria or increase activity of wbc Non-specific Immune Poster Exam: Human Bio #2 Friday May 23, 2014 Intervention Wednesday 5/21 & Thursday 5/22 from 2:45pm to 3:30 pm. PP. 961-966 lymphatic system spleen lymphocytes 1. B-cells: wbc that mature in bone marrow 2. T-cells: wbc that mature in thymus wbc have receptors to the antigens (pieces of a pathogen) that cause an immune response 2-part attack: cell mediated and humoral Starts with an initial response Cell-mediated: Killer T-Cell production Humoral: B-Cell production Initial response Cell-mediated T-Cell production Humoral B-Cell production macrophage engulfs pathogen and puts antigens on its surface Helper T-cell binds to antigen Macrophage releases a chemical (INK-1) which causes the Helper T-cell to release INK-2 INK-2 Cell-mediated T-Cell production Initial response INK-2 Humoral B-Cell production INK 2 stimulates the production of more Helper T Cells and production of Cytotoxic T Cells Cytotoxic T Cell (killer T cell): punctures and kills infected body cells. Initial response Cell-mediated T-Cell production Humoral B-Cell production IN-2 causes B-cells to divide Most B-cells change to plasma cells plasma cells produce and secrete antibodies Y-shaped protein that deactivates viruses, and clumps them making it easier for macrophages to engulf and destroy them Some B-cells become memory cells (Body’s long term defense system) When exposed to a pathogen a 2nd time memory cells immediately recognize and destroy it before it causes illness. Study Guide Due Tuesday Tracing Pathway of immune Response due Wednesday