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Transcript
10th Grade Evolution Content K-U-D Topic: Diversity of Life Which Standards are students learning in this unit? Standard 1.1.A Understand that: Scientists conduct investigations for a variety of reasons including ton explore new phenomena, to replicate other’s results, to test how well a theory predicts, to develop new products, and to compare theories. (Essential) Standard 1.1.B. Understand that: Science is distinguished from other ways of knowing by the use of empirical observations, experimental evidence, logical arguments and healthy skepticism. (Essential) Standard 7.2.B The great diversity of organisms is the result of more than 3.5 billion years of evolution that has filled available niches with life forms. The millions of different species of plants, animals, and microorganisms that live on Earth today are related by descent with modification from common ancestors. (Essential) Standard 7.2.F Genetically diverse populations are more likely to survive changing environments. (Essential) Standard 7.3.A The expanding ability to manipulate genetic material, reproductive processes, and embryological development creates choices that raise ethical, legal, social and public policy questions. (Compact) By the end of this unit, students will be able to… Know: Vocabulary: Biodiversity Conservation Extinction Antibiotic resistance Artificial selection Adaptation Classification Topic: Speciation Understand: Do: Evolutionary processes including extinction are influenced by the environment Observe and analyze evidence to determine whether there may be an evolutionary relationship between two or more organisms. Human actions can affect the genetic diversity of organisms l Science is a social enterprise, but alone it only indicates what can happen, not what should happen. The latter involves human decisions about the use of knowledge. Describe some ways that human impact may be affecting the evolution of other organisms. Design and conduct scientific investigations to control all but the testable variable in order to test the hypothesis. Which Standards are students learning in this unit? Standard 7.2.A Evolution is a change in allelic frequencies of a population over time. The theory of evolution is supported by extensive biochemical, structural, embryological, and fossil evidence. (Essential) Standard 7.2.C The process of natural selection occurs when some heritable variations that arise from random mutation and recombination give individuals within a species some survival advantages over others. These offspring with advantageous adaptations are more likely to survive and reproduce, thus increasing the proportion of individuals within a population with these advantageous characteristics. When populations become isolated, these changes may accumulate and eventually result in new species (Essential). Standard 7.2.D Evolution does not proceed at the same rate in all populations; nor does it progress in a linear or set direction. Environmental changes have a strong influence on the evolutionary process. Other factors that influence evolution include: sexual selection, mutation, genetic drift, and genetic modification. (Important) Standard 7.2.E Organisms are classified into a hierarchy of groups and subgroups based on similarities in structure, comparisons in DNA and protein and evolutionary relationships. (Compact) Standard 7.2.F Genetically diverse populations are more likely to survive changing environments. (Essential) Standard 7.3.C DNA is analyzed to determine evolutionary relationships, study populations, identify individuals, analyzed genetics disorders. (Important) By the end of this unit, students will be able to… Know: Understand: Vocabulary: Organisms can be categorized based on common characteristics to help illustrate Evolutionary possible evolutionary relationships and tree common ancestries. Lineage Phylogeny The diversity and changing of life forms over Shared many generations is the result of natural characters selection, in which organisms with Species advantageous traits survive, reproduce, and Gene pass those traits to offspring. gene pool hybrid morphology geographic isolation reproductive isolation gene flow mass extinction speciation cladogram Species evolve through descent with modification, thus allowing them to adapt to different environments. Environmental pressures can influence the evolutionary process. A change in a species over time does not follow a set pattern or timeline. Do: Use information from cladograms or other evolutionary trees or timelines along with molecular data to support a claim of possible relationships between two or more organisms. Use evidence and reasoning to formulate a logical explanation for where a population is in the process of speciation. Explain the roles of geographical isolation, reproductive isolation and natural selection on the evolution of new species. Topic: Natural Selection/ Nature of Science Which Standards are students learning in this unit? Standard 1.1.E Understand that: In communicating and defending the results of scientific inquiry, arguments must be logical and demonstrate connections between natural phenomena, investigations, and the historical body of scientific knowledge. (Essential) Standard 1.1.C Understand that: Theories in science are well-established explanations of natural phenomena that are supposed by many confirmed observations and verified hypotheses. (Essential) Standard 7.2.C The process of natural selection occurs when some heritable variations that arise from random mutation and recombination give individuals within a species some survival advantages over others. These offspring with advantageous adaptations are more likely to survive and reproduce, thus increasing the proportion of individuals within a population with these advantageous characteristics. When populations become isolated, these changes may accumulate and eventually result in new species. (Essential) By the end of this unit, students will be able to… Know: Vocabulary: Mutation Natural selection Species Artificial selection Evolution Sexual selection Theory Recombination Variation Adaptation A scientific theory is a wellsubstantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment. Such fact-supported theories are not "guesses" but reliable accounts of the real world. Understand: Genetic diversity naturally occurs in any population due to mutations and recombination of genes. Scientific explanations must adhere to criteria such as use of appropriate evidence, logical consistency of reasoning, and basis in historical and current knowledge. Scientists are influenced by societal, cultural, and personal beliefs and ways of viewing the world. Scientific theories allow scientists to make predictions about as yet unobserved phenomena. Do: Analyze natural selection simulations and use data generated from them to describe environmentally favored traits are perpetuated over generations resulting in species survival while less favorable traits decrease or may lead to extinction. Describe a human intervention that has altered the course of evolution for a given species. Apply evolutionary theory to explain the existence of multiple species of similar organisms. Explain why homogeneous populations maybe more vulnerable to environmental changes than heterogeneous populations. Topic: Evidence for Evolution Which Standards are students learning in this unit? Standard 7.2.A Evolution is a change in allelic frequencies of a population over time. The theory of evolution is supported by extensive biochemical, structural, embryological, and fossil evidence. (Essential) Standard 7.2.B The great diversity of organisms is the result of more than 3.5 billion years of evolution that has filled available niches with life forms. The millions of different species of plants, animals, and microorganisms that live on Earth today are related by descent with modification from common ancestors. (Essential) Standard 7.2.C The process of natural selection occurs when some heritable variations that arise from random mutation and recombination give individuals within a species some survival advantages over others. These offspring with advantageous adaptations are more likely to survive and reproduce, thus increasing the proportion of individuals within a population with these advantageous characteristics. When populations become isolated, these changes may accumulate and eventually result in new species (Essential). Standard 7.2.E Organisms are classified into a hierarchy of groups and subgroups based on similarities in structure, comparisons in DNA and protein and evolutionary relationships.(Compact) Standard 7.3.C DNA is analyzed to determine evolutionary relationships, study populations, identify individuals, and diagnose genetic disorders (Important). By the end of this unit, students will be able to… Know: Understand: Vocabulary: The gene pool of a population Allele can change over time as a result Trait of genetic adaptations to Geologic timeline environmental changes/stressors. Fossil Lineage Multiple sources of information Vestigial and scientific evidence including fossil and genetic data can be used to develop a hypothesis for the evolutionary lineage of a specific species. Genetic data can be used to determine evolutionary relationships between organisms. Do: Observe multiple sources of DNA and determine degrees of “relatedness” based on genetic similarities. Observe skeletal morphologies and infer possible environmental or habitual changes of a species based upon evolutionary changes that are observed. Explain how biochemical evidence, homologous structures, embryological development and fossil evidence support or refute prior hypothesis of common ancestry. Topic: Applying Evolutionary Concepts Which Standards are students learning in this unit? Standard 1.1.D Understand that: investigating most real-world problems requires building upon previous scientific findings and cooperation among individuals with knowledge and expertise from a variety of scientific fields. The results of scientific studies are considered valid when subjected to critical review where contradictions are resolved and the explanation is confirmed. (Essential) Standard 7.2.A Evolution is a change in allelic frequencies of a population over time. The theory of evolution is supported by extensive biochemical, structural, embryological, and fossil evidence. (Essential) Standard 7.2.B The great diversity of organisms is the result of more than 3.5 billion years of evolution that has filled available niches with life forms. The millions of different species of plants, animals, and microorganisms that live on Earth today are related by descent with modification from common ancestors. (Essential) Standard 7.2.C The process of natural selection occurs when some heritable variations that arise from random mutation and recombination give individuals within a species some survival advantages over others. These offspring with advantageous adaptations are more likely to survive and reproduce, thus increasing the proportion of individuals within a population with these advantageous characteristics. When populations become isolated, these changes may accumulate and eventually result in new species. (Essential) Standard 7.2.E Organisms are classified into a hierarchy of groups and subgroups based on similarities in structure, comparisons in DNA and protein and evolutionary relationships. (Compact) Standard 7.2.G Biological evolution is the foundation for modern biology and is used to make predictions for medical, environmental, agricultural and other societal purposes. (Essential) Standard 7.3.A The expanding ability to manipulate genetic material, reproductive processes, and embryological development creates choices that raise ethical, legal, social and public policy questions. (Compact) By the end of this unit, students will be able to… Know: Antibiotic resistance Invasive species Understand: Do: Evolution results from natural genetic variation developing diversity in populations that share resources. If diversity is not maintained, resources become scarce and mass extinctions become likely. Analyze and interpret data to create a logical argument or explanation regarding applied evolutionary concepts. (for instance: An argument regarding the conservation issues surrounding invasive species or an argument regarding antibiotic resistance concerns) Understanding evolutionary concepts can aid stakeholders in making informed and responsible policy decisions. Construct logical scientific explanations and present arguments which defend explanations and proposed actions.