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PLANT TISSUE
SMAK BPK PENABUR SUKABUMI
GRADE XI – SCIENCE CLASS
Lectures by : Agustina Eka H.,S.SI.
TISSUE ??
cells
the smallest basic unit of cells
tissue
a group of cells that have similar forms,
composition, and function
organ
a unit of several types of tissues that are close
to each other and support certain functions
Organ system
organism
some organs which are coordinate each other
and conducting certain functions
Meristematic & Permanent Tissue
A.



Meristematic Tissue
Apical meristem
Lateral meristem
Intercalary meristem
B. Permanent Tissue
1. Simple permanent tissue
 Parenchyma
 Collenchyma
 Sclerenchyma
2. Complex permanent tissue
 Xylem
 Phloem
3. Protective tissue
 Epidermis
 Cork (phellem)
Meristematic Tissue
1.
have thin cellulose cell walls.
2.
The meristematic cells may be spherical,oval,polygonal or
rectangular in shape.
3.
compactly arranged & do not contain any intercellular space
between them.
4.
contains dense or abundant cytoplasm & a single large
nucleus.
5.
contain few vacuoles or no vacuoles at all
Apical
meristems
 Are located at the tips
of roots and in the
buds of shoots
 Elongate shoots and
roots through primary
growth
 The root tip is covered
by a root cap
 Primary meristem
Lateral
Meristem
 Add thickness to woody
plants through secondary
growth
 Secondary meristem
 cambium :
1) Vascular cambium
2) Cork cambium
Vascular cambium
Located between xylem and phloem
Vascular
cambium
(a) Types of cell division. An initial can divide
transversely to form two cambial initials (C)
or radially to form an initial and either a
xylem (X) or phloem (P) cell.
C
(b) Accumulation of secondary growth. Although shown here
as alternately adding xylem and phloem, a cambial initial usually
produces much more xylem.
• An overview of primary and secondary growth
Primary growth in stems
Shoot apical
meristems
(in buds)
Epidermis
Cortex
Primary phloem
In woody plants,
there are lateral
meristems that
add secondary
growth, increasing
the girth of
roots and stems.
Vascular
cambium
Cork
cambium
Primary xylem
Lateral
meristems
Pith
Secondary growth in stems
Apical meristems
add primary growth,
or growth in length.
Pith
Primary
xylem
Root apical
meristems
Secondary
xylem
Periderm
Cork
cambium
The cork
cambium adds
secondary
dermal tissue.
Cortex
Primary
phloem
The vascular
cambium adds
Secondary
secondary
phloem
xylem and
Vascular cambium
phloem.
Intercalary meristem
• Intercalary meristem :
located between mature tissues, ex : base of
nodes in grass stem
• Gramineae or Poaceae
(rice, corn, sugar cane)
Epidermis
• Outer layer
• Tightly cell
• Function : to protect the
underlying cell
• Modification : hair, spine,
trichome, stomata,
lenticell, root hair, cuticule
Epidermis – stoma, trichomes, & root hairs
http://www.ucd.ie/botany/Steer/hair/roothairs.html
Periderm – cork & parenchyma
TWIG WITH LENTICELS
Parenchyma
• Large cell, thin wall, large vacuoles
Types :
1 ) aerenchyma : aquatic plant
2) Chlorenchyma : containing chloroplast
Parenchyma
Chollenchyma
Function : supporting and strengthening tissue
• Cellulose and pectin thickening in the corner
of the cell
Sclerenchyma
• Function : organ support
• Inactive cell
• Cellulose and lignin thickening
Sclereids :
 Hard and rigid
 Stem cortex, leaf
venetin, root, fruit,
and seed
Fiber:
 hard elongated cells
 Gymnosperm woody
fiber, bark, leaf fiber,
seed fiber
Sclerenchyma
SCLERIDS
Right-hand illustration modified from: Weier,
Stocking & Barbour, 1974, Botany: An
Introduction to Plant Biology, 5th Ed.
FIBERS
Secretory Cell
• Secrete various substances
Xylem
• Water and mineral transportation
• Lignin thickening
Consists of :
1) Trachea/vessel element
2) Tracheid
3) Xylem fiber
4) Xylem parenchyma
Fig. 35.8
Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Phloem
• Conduction of nutrition
Consists of :
1) Sieve tube
2) Companion cell
3) Phloem fiber
4) Phloem parenchyma