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Transcript
Cranial Nerves Special Sensory Nerves I, II and VIII embryonic placodes are associated with these nerves head of embryo olfactory placode otic placode lens placode notes the lens placode develops into the lens the retina develops from the embryonic diencephalon Cranial Nerve I Olfactory Nerve cribriform plate of ethmoid bone figure 13-10 cranial nerve I terminates in olfactory bulbs axons of olfactory receptor neurons synapse on dendrites of mitral cells in olfactory glomeruli olfactory tract mitral cells in olfactory bulb olfactory glomeruli cribriform plate olfactory receptor neurons from figure 13-15 (5), 13-16 (6) Cranial Nerve II Optic Nerve eye - development of retina and lens prosencephalon lens vesicle future neural retina future cornea lens optic vesicle optic cup four weeks five weeks six weeks from figure 17-1 (5,6) retina develops from diencephalon developed retina photoreceptors horizontal cells bipolar cells amacrine cells ganglion cells figures 17-4 and 17-5 (5 and 6) ganglion cells of retina optic nerve optic disk figure 17-9 (5 and 6) Cranial Nerve II optic nerve part of the CNS million axons meninges multiple targets optic nerve optic chiasm optic tract retinal cells whose axons form CN II are CNS neurons the optic nerve is actually a fiber pathway (“tract”) of the CNS Cranial Nerve II optic nerve left visual field right visual field left visual field right eye left eye temporal side of retina right visual field nasal side of retina optic nerves optic chiasm optic tract lateral geniculate nuclei figures 17-24 (5),17-27 (6) visual field deficits left eye vision right eye vision damage of left optic nerve left eye vision right eye vision ipsilateral blindness damage to middle of chiasm left eye vision right eye vision bitemporal hemianopia damage to left side of chiasm left eye vision right eye vision ipsilateral nasal hemianopia damage to left optic tract left eye vision right eye vision contralateral homonymous hemianopia Cranial Nerve VIII two components auditory vestibular kinocilium degenerates auditory structures in inner ear auditory sensory cells: hair cells sensory receptor cells stereocilia (microvilli) neurotransmitter vescicles distributed along membrane within cochlea figure 14-3 (5) and (6) auditory afferents of CN VIII innervate base of hair cells “ auditory afferents in CN VIII to brain stem emerge from petrous bone approach rostral medulla / caudal pons cell bodies of sensory afferents at core of cochlea rostral medulla/caudal pons X spiral ganglion in cochlea cochlear nuclei auditory CN VIII cochlear nuclei vestibular nuclei auditory efferents in VIIIth Nerve hair cells in cochlea Cranial Nerve VIII auditory two components vestibular kinocilium stereocilia (microvilli) sensory structures in inner ear vestibular sensory cells: hair cells neurotransmitter vescicles distributed along membrane within vestibular organs two kinds of vestibular sensory organs in inner ear SSD (A) SSD(H) semicircular ducts or canals (SSD) (3 sets) anterior posterior horizontal U S otolithic organs (2 sets) SSD (P) utricle (U) saccule (S) vestibular afferents of CN VIII innervate base of hair cells cell bodies of sensory afferents in vestibular ganglion to brain stem vestibular afferents in CN VIII emerge from petrous bone approach rostral medulla/caudal pons rostral medulla/caudal pons superior vestibular nuclei lateral medial inferior vestibular structures of inner ear vestibular ganglion vestibular CN VIII