Download Unit 6 Review: Answer Key - East Providence High School

Unit 6 Review: Answer Key
DNA Structure
1. 3 components that make up a nucleotide: Phosphate group, deoxyribose (sugar), nitrogen base
2. Chargaff’s Rule: The amount of adenine always equals that of thymine and the amount of
guanine always equals that of cytosine (%A = %T) (%G = %C)
DNA Replication
3. G G C A T T A C
4.
DNA Transcription
1. DNA is copied into mRNA
2. RNA polymerase makes copy
3. Uracil in place of thymine
4. 1 strand is copied
1.
2.
3.
4.
DNA Replication
DNA is copied to DNA
DNA polymerase makes copy
thymine
2 strand are copied
DNA Transcription
5.
DNA
1. Thymine
2. 2 strands
3. deoxyribose sugar
RNA
1. Uracil
2. 1 strand
3. ribose sugar
6. Transcription produces: mRNA
7. Transcription takes place in the nucleus.
8. One codon makes up an amino acid. 4 codons are needed to make up 4 amino acids.
9. One DNA strand is coped by mRNA during transcription
DNA Translation
10. mRNA gets read by tRNA and produces an amino acid
11. Chains of amino acids form genes which give instructions to produce proteins.
12. The AUG codon codes for start/methionine
Mutations
13. Substitutions: point mutation
insertions and deletions: frameshift mutations
14. Normal DNA:
DNA:
AAT
TCG
CCG
GTA
TTA
GAC
GTT
TTA
AAU
AGC
UCG
GGC
CCG
CAT
GUA
AAT
UUA
CTG
GAC
CAA
GUU
serine
proline
valine
leucine
Aspartic acid
valine
mRNA:
Amino Acid:
Asparagine
Insertion: dramatic effect
DNA:
AAT
ATC
mRNA:
Amino Acid:
TTA
AAU
asparagine isoleucine
Deletion: dramatic effect
DNA:
AAT
mRNA:
Amino Acid:
TAG
AUC
GCC
GGT
ATT
AGA
CGT
T
CGG
GCC
CCA
GGU
TAA
AUU
TCT
AGA
GCA
CGU
A
U
alanine
glycine
isoleucine
arginine arginine
CGC
CGG
TAT
TAG
ACG
TT
TTA
AAU
GCG
UGC
GCC
CGG
ATA
UAU
ATC
UAG
TGC
ACG
AA
UU
asparagine
cysteine argininine tyrosine
stop
threonone
Substitution: no effect
DNA:
AAT
TCA
CCG
GTA
TTA
GAC
GTT
TTA
AAU
AGT
UCA
GGC
CCG
CAT
GUA
AAT
UUA
CTG
GAC
CAA
GUU
asparagine
serine
proline
valine
leucine
Aspartic acid
mRNA:
Amino Acid:
valine