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Characteristics of a Disorder Unjustifiable Maladaptive Atypical Disturbing How are disorders diagnosed? Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 editions Provides diagnostic classification (disorder names or codes), symptoms, statistics, treatment options Issues with the DSM Categories of Disorders Anxiety Disorders Psychotic Disorders Mood Disorders Dissociative Disorders Personality Disorders Anxiety: A vague feeling of apprehension & nervousness Symptoms: Restlessness, Feeling on Edge, Irritability, Sleep problems, Difficulty Concentrating, Muscle Tension Anxiety Disorders Generalized Anxiety Disorder Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Panic Disorder Phobia Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Generalized Anxiety Disorder Anxiety Symptoms last must longer than usual (6 Mos.) & are not tied to any specific event. Aware of unusually high anxiety, but can’t shake it off or pinpoint the cause. Usually sets in during Childhood or adolescence. Panic Disorder Sudden bouts of intense, unexplained fear that something bad is going to happen. Panic attacks happen regularly. Choking sensation, heart rate increases, Fear of losing control, nausea, intense terror Usually last less than 30 minutes. Phobias (1) Disruptive, (2) irrational fears of objects or situations. Social Phobias: Fear of certain social situations. Agoraphobia: Fear of having a panic attack. They avoid open spaces & Isolate themselves to avoid the trigger. Can be learned, but genetic predisposition exists. http://www.phobialist.com/reverse.html#A Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Triggered by intense stress Rape, Abuse, Car Accident, Death, etc. Symptoms: Nightmares, persistent fear, emotionally distant, easily angered, flashbacks & troubling memories. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd/what-are-the-symptoms-of-ptsd.shtml Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Obsessions: Repetitive thoughts. Concern with germs, symmetry, order, grades Compulsions: Repetitive actions. Excessive cleaning, repeating rituals, training Only way to reduce anxiety is to carry out compulsion. (Temporary relief) Types of OCD: Checkers: harm will be caused if things are not in the appropriate state of being. Ex. Door Locks, “Off” switches, homework Washers: Fear of contamination. Never feel safe or clean from contaminants. Hoarders: Collect insignificant items and have trouble turning down items or throwing items out. Counters: Feel the urge to count and re-count items or actions. They are compelled to repeat processes in certain numerical patterns to satisfy the obsession. Treatment for Anxiety Disorders Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Gain control over unwanted thought patterns Gain control over unwanted behaviors Medication