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Sponsored by Institute of Advanced Studies Conference on 90 Years of Quantum Mechanics 23 –26 January 2017 Nanyang Executive Centre Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Contents Foreword ………………………………………………………….....................2 Organising Committee………………………..………….……..........3 Programme…………………………………………….…………………….....4 Abstracts of Speakers………………….……………………..........12 Poster Presenters & Titles…………………….…….................42 Useful Contacts………………………………………..…………………48 1 Foreword We would like to welcome all of you to this Conference on 90 Years of Quantum Mechanics! Quantum Mechanics was born in 1925 and 1926 and by the time of the famous fifth Solvay Meeting in Brussels in 1927, much of the groundwork had been done. Those two years are perhaps the most dynamic years in the history of science. When we now look back at Quantum Mechanics ninety years later, we find that it forms the ground for fundamental physics as well as for most of the many new fields that have grown up in recent time. Quantum Mechanics has completely shaped these fields in both the more abstract ones as well as the technological applications. In this conference, all these threads will be connected and the talks will be addressing not only the recent developments in the respective subfields, but also the unity among the various fields and their common roots. We welcome all interested faculty, researchers and students to actively participate in this exciting conference! Professor Kok Khoo Phua Institute of Advanced Studies Nanyang Technological University Professor Lars Brink Chalmers University of Technology Professor Marc Henneaux Université Libre de Bruxelles Professor Da-Hsuan Feng University of Macau Professor Ngee Pong Chang City College of New York 2 Organising Committee Co-Chairs NAME INSTITUTION Lars Brink Chalmers University of Technology Ngee Pong Chang Institute of Advanced Studies, NTU & City College of New York Da Hsuan Feng University of Macau Marc Henneaux Université libre de Bruxelles Kok Khoo Phua Institute of Advanced Studies, NTU Local Organising Committee NAME INSTITUTION Rainer Dumke School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, NTU Shen Yong Ho School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, NTU Leong Chuan Kwek Institute of Advanced Studies, NTU & Centre for Quantum Technologies Choy Heng Lai National University of Singapore Hock Lim Institute of Advanced Studies, NTU & National University of Singapore Hwee Boon Low Institute of Advanced Studies, NTU Choo Hiap Oh Institute of Advanced Studies, NTU & National University of Singapore Anh Tuan Phan School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, NTU Pinaki Sengupta School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, NTU Chorng Haur Sow National University of Singapore David Wilkowski School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, NTU Shuyan Xu Institute of Advanced Studies, NTU & National Institute of Education 3 Programme 4 Programme Day 1 – Monday, 23 January 2017 08.00 – 09.00 Registration Opening Ceremony 09.00 – 09.10 Welcome Address by: Kok Khoo Phua (IAS, NTU) Lars Brink (Chalmers University of Technology) Session Chair: Kok Khoo Phua (IAS, NTU) 09:10 - 09:15 Chen-Ning Yang (Tsinghua University) (via video recording) 09:15 - 10:00 Gerard 't Hooft (Universiteit Utrecht) How Quantum Mechanics Modifies the Space-Time of a Black Hole 10:00 - 10:45 Group Photo & Coffee Break Session Chair: Lars Brink (Chalmers University of Technology) 10:45 - 11:30 Anthony Leggett (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) Quantum Mechanics and the Notion of "Realism" in Physics (via video recording) 11:30 - 12:15 James Hartle (University of California, Santa Barbara) Quantum Mechanics in the Light of Cosmology 12:15 - 13:30 Lunch Day 1 – Monday, 23 January 2017 Session Chair: Marc Henneaux (Université Libre de Bruxelles) 13:30 - 14:15 Viatcheslav Mukhanov (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich) The Quantum Universe 14:15 - 15:00 David Gross (University of California, Santa Barbara) Quantum Mechanics and Its Discontents 15:00 - 15:30 Coffee Break Session Chair: Kwek Leong Chuan (Institute of Advanced Studies) 15:30– 16:15 Stuart Parkin (IBM Almaden Research Centre) Spin Orbitronics for Advanced Magnetic Memories 16:15 – 17:00 Michael Graetzel (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) The Fascinating World and First Applications of Semiconductor Quantum Dots 17:00 - 18:00 Poster Session @ Education Wing Atrium 18:30 – 20:30 **Dinner at NTU Peach Garden (by invitation only) ** Dinner at NTU Peach Garden Two-way transport will be provided. Invited guests please be reminded to gather at the NEC Guest Wing Lobby (Level 1) by 6.10p.m. Day 2 – Tuesday, 24 January 2017 Session Chair: Da-Hsuan Feng (University of Macau) 09:00 - 09:45 Thibault Damour (Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques) Motion of Binary Black Holes: Using Quantum Ideas to Advance Classical Dynamics 09:45 - 10:30 Alexander Vilenkin (Tufts University) Quantum Cosmology and the Beginning of the Universe 10:30 - 11:15 Coffee Break Session Chair: Viatcheslav Mukhanov (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich) 11:15 - 12:00 Lars Brink (Chalmers University of Technology) Maximally Supersymmetric Non-Abelian Gauge Theories, Supergravity and Superstrings 12:00 - 12:45 Hermann Nicolai (Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics) Quantum Gravity and Unification 12:45 - 14:00 Lunch Session Chair: Ngee Pong Chang (City College of New York) 14:00 - 14:45 Yakir Aharonov (Tel Aviv University) On the Two-Vector Approach to Quantum Mechanics (via video recording) 14:45 - 15:30 Tatsu Takeuchi (Virginia Tech) Quantum Theory of Bi-orthogonal Systems 15:30 - 16:15 Coffee Break 16:15 - 17:00 Matthew P.A. Fisher (University of California, Santa Barbara) Are We Quantum Computers, or Merely Clever Robots? 18:00 Depart for Conference Banquet at Conrad Centennial Singapore Hotel 19:00 - 21:30 **Conference Banquet (by invitation only) ** Conference Banquet at Conrad Centennial Singapore Hotel Two-way transport will be provided. Invited guests please be reminded to gather at the NEC Guest Wing Lobby (Level 1) by 5.50p.m. Day 3 – Wednesday, 25 January 2017 Session Chair: Pinaki Sengupta (Nanyang Technological University) 09:30 - 10:15 Boris Altshuler (Columbia University) Quantum Mechanics in Thermodynamic Limit 10:15 – 11.00 Shoucheng Zhang (Stanford University) Discovery of the Chiral Majorana Fermion 11:00 - 11:45 Coffee Break Session Chair: Per Delsing (Chalmers University of Technology) 11:45 - 12:30 Qikun Xue (Tsinghua University) Quantization of the Anomalous Hall Effect 12:30 – 13:15 Hideo Ohno (Tohoku University) Spin on Integrated Circuits: An Emerging Field of Spintronics 13:15 – 14.30 Lunch Session Chair: Hermann Nicolai (Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics) 14:30 - 15:15 Peter Zoller (University of Innsbruck) Synthetic Quantum Matter with Cold Atoms and Ions 15:15 - 16:00 Ignacio Cirac (Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics) A Quantum Information Perspective to Quantum Many-Body Physics 16:00 - 16:45 Coffee Break 16:45 - 17:30 Immanuel Bloch (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich) Controlling and Exploring Quantum Matter Using Ultracold Atoms in Optical Lattices 18:00 - 20:00 Conference BBQ Dinner at Campus Clubhouse (next to conference venue) Day 4 – Thursday, 26 January 2017 Session Chair: Tan Howe Siang (Nanyang Technological University) 09:00 - 09:45 Arieh Warshel (University of Southern California) QM/MM and Other Strategies for Quantum Mechanical Simulations of Processes in Condensed Phases and in Large Biological Molecules 09:45 - 10:30 Rudolph Marcus (Caltech) Quantum Mechanics and Chemical Reaction Rates, 1928 and Counting 10:30 – 10:55 Coffee Break Session Chair: David Wilkowski (Nanyang Technological University) 10:55 - 11:40 Per Delsing (Chalmers University of Technology) Studying Quantum Vacua using Superconducting Circuits 11:40 - 12:25 Jiangfeng Du (University of Science and Technology of China) Quantum Control of Spins in Solids and Its Applications 12:25 - 13:10 Miles Padgett (University of Glasgow) Resolution Limits of Quantum Ghost Imaging 13:10 - 13:30 Sixia Yu (University of Science and Technology of China) Quantum Contextuality: The Smallest State-Independent Proof 13:30 - 14:30 Lunch Day 4 – Thursday, 26 January 2017 Session Chair: Rainer Helmut Dumke (Nanyang Technological University) 14:30 - 15:15 Jun Ye (University of Colorado) Measurement at the Quantum Frontier 15:15 - 16:00 William Munro (NTT Basic Research Lab) New Century Engineering Using the Age Old Principles of Quantum Mechanics 16:00 - 16:30 Coffee Break Panel Chair: Da-Hsuan Feng (University of Macau) 16:30 - 18:00 Panel Discussion on Looking to the future of Quantum Science & Technology Boris Altshuler (Columbia University) Viatcheslav Mukhanov (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich) Jun Ye (University of Colorado) Peter Zoller (University of Innsbruck) End of Conference Note: All talks include 5 minutes of discussion. 11 Abstracts | Invited Talks 12 Abstracts Author : Yakir Aharonov Affiliation : Tel Aviv University Title : On the Two-Vector Approach to Quantum Mechanics Abstract Quantum mechanical systems can be described by two Hilbert state vectors, one propagating from a past boundary condition and the other propagating backwards from a future boundary condition. The way to test this state is by employing weak measurements, the outcomes of which were weak values. This new approach uncovers a host of exciting phenomena, some of which will be discussed in this talk. I will then propose a straightforward generalization of QM stemming from this approach, which provides a novel solution to the notorious measurement problem. 13 Author : Boris Altshuler Affiliation : Columbia University Title : To be announced Abstract 14 Author : Immanuel Bloch Affiliation : Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Title : Controlling and Exploring Quantum Matter Using Ultracold Atoms in Optical Lattices Abstract More than 30 years ago, Richard Feynman outlined the visionary concept of a quantum simulator for carrying out complex physics calculations. Today, his dream has become a reality in laboratories around the world. In my talk, I will focus on the remarkable opportunities offered by ultracold quantum gases trapped in optical lattices to address fundamental physics questions ranging from condensed matter physics over statistical physics to high energy physics with table-top experiment. For example, I will show how it has now become possible to image and control quantum matter with single atom sensitivity and single site resolution, thereby allowing one to directly image individual quantum fluctuations of a many-body system or directly reveal antiferromagnetic and topological order in the fermionic Hubbard model. Finally, I will discuss our recent experiments on novel many-body localised states of matter that challenge our understanding of the connection between statistical physics and quantum mechanics at a fundamental level. 15 Author : Lars Brink Affiliation : Chalmers University of Technology Title : Maximally Supersymmetric Non-Abelian Gauge Theories, Supergravity and Superstrings Abstract I will describe how string theory was born from S-matrix theory and then how it led to supersymmetry, supersymmetric Yang-Mills Theory, Supergravity and then back to the Superstring Theory and M-Theory leading to a perturbatively finite quantum gravity theory and to a possible framework for a fully unified theory of all interactions. I will then describe how the Superstring Theory is dual to the maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills Theory, which shows that this theory also knows about gravity and end with the remarkable result that the square of it in a sense is the Supergravity theory which is the low-energy limit of the Superstring Theory. 16 Author : Ignacio Cirac Affiliation : Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Title : A Quantum Information Perspective to Quantum Many-Body Physics Abstract The theory of entanglement offers a new perspective to view many-body quantum systems. In particular, systems in thermal equilibrium and with local interactions contain very little entanglement, which allows us to describe them efficiently, circumventing the exponential growth of parameters with the system size. Tensor Networks offer such a description, where few simple tensors contain all the information about all physical properties. In this talk I will review some of the latest results on entanglement and tensor networks, and explain some of their connections to quantum computing, condensed matter, and high-energy physics. 17 Author : Thibault Damour Affiliation : Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques Title : Motion of Binary Black Holes: Using Quantum Ideas to Advance Classical Dynamics Abstract The recently successful search for gravitational waves from coalescing binary black holes has motivated the development of advanced techniques for accurately describing the motion (and radiation) of binary systems in General Relativity. We shall review several of these techniques and display their roots in Quantum Theory. This includes: (i) the relativistic Fokker action and its link with Feynman diagrams; (ii) regularization and renormalization techniques for dealing with point masses; (iii) the use of quantum scattering amplitudes to compute a classical Hamiltonian; (iv) a quantum-inspired correspondence between the dynamics of binary systems and the dynamics of a test particle in an “effective one-body” metric; and (v) one-loop effects in a black hole background. The applications of these techniques to the description of coalescing binary black holes will be briefly described. 18 Author : Per Delsing Affiliation : Chalmers University of Technology Title : Studying Quantum Vacua Using Superconducting Circuits Abstract Recently it has become possible to do experiments on the quantum vacuum using superconducting circuits. Both the electromagnetic quantum vacuum and the phononic quantum vacuum can be studied. Three different experiments carried out at mK temperatures and at microwave frequencies are described. First, we use a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device at the end of a microwave transmission line as a tunable boundary condition for the electromagnetic vacuum. This boundary condition is equivalent to a mirror moving which allows us to study the Dynamical Casimir Effect. We observe the generation of photons and show that the radiation is two mode squeezed [1]. Moreover we measure the full covariance matrix of the emitted radiation and show that the radiation is entangled [2]. Second, we embed an artificial atom in the form of a superconducting transmon qubit at a distance from the shorted end of a transmission line, which acts as a mirror [3]. By tuning the wavelength of the atom, we effectively change the distance between atom and mirror. We probe the strength of vacuum fluctuations by measuring spontaneous emission rate of the atom and show that we can cancel the vacuum fluctuations seen by the atom. Third, we couple an artificial atom to sound in the form of Surface Acoustic Waves (SAW) by placing it on a piezoelectric surface [4]. This coupling is frequency dependent, and on lithium niobate it can be made very strong. The coupling to the phononic vacuum results in a strong Lamb shift which is the Hilbert transform of the coupling. Using spectroscopy, we can observe the Lamb shift caused by the phononic vacuum [5]. Reference [1] C.M. Wilson et al. Nature, 479, 376 (2011) [2] B. Schneider et l., In preparation (2016) [3] I.-C. Hoi et al. Nature Physics, 11, 1045 (2015) [4] M.V. Gustafsson et al, Science 346, 207 (2014) [5] T. Aref et al. In preparation (2016) 19 Author : Jiangfeng Du Affiliation : University of Science and Technology of China Title : Quantum Control of Spins in Solids and Its Applications Abstract The science of quantum control lies at the heart of modern physics. Various applications of quantum control have emerged and we witness great development in recent years, such as quantum computation, quantum simulation, and quantum metrology, etc. Spins of electrons and nuclei are among the most promising physical systems that can realize reliable and robust quantum control. They have a major advantage since the quantum coherence can be protected very efficiently against external noise, which represents the main challenge to the large-scale implementation of quantum control. My presentation will mainly focus on our recent experimental study of quantum control over spins in solids. We concern on several respects such as decoherence suppressing with dynamical decoupling, precise spin control, efficient realization of quantum algorithms and simulation, and ultrasensitive sensing with single spins in diamond. 20 Author : Matthew P.A. Fisher Affiliation : University of California, Santa Barbara Title : Are We Quantum Computers, or Merely Clever Robots? Abstract Putative quantum processing with nuclear spins in the wet environment of the brain would seemingly require fulfillment of many unrealizable conditions. For example, a common biological element with a long nuclear-spin coherence time to serve as a qubit, a mechanism for transporting this qubit throughout the brain, a molecular scale quantum memory for storing the qubits, a mechanism for quantum entangling multiple qubits, a chemical reaction that induces quantum measurements on the qubits which dictates subsequent neuron firing rates, among others. My strategy, guided by these requirements, is one of reverse engineering seeking to identify the bio-chemical substrate and mechanisms hosting such putative quantum processing. Remarkably, a specific neural qubit and a unique collection of ions, molecules, enzymes and neurotransmitters is identified, thus illuminating an apparently single path towards nuclear spin quantum processing in the brain. 21 Author : Michael Graetzel Affiliation : École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Title : The Fascinating World and First Applications of Semiconductor Quantum Dots Abstract Due to their extraordinary opto-electronic properties, semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have offered a fertile ground for research and continue to attract intense interest both in the fundamental as well as applied field. One of their most remarkable features is the quantum size effect allowing us to tune the wavelength their band edge absorption and luminescence by changing the particle radius. Photoluminescence quantum yields in over 80% along with excellent stability have been achieved. These properties are presently being exploited in commercial LED displays where QDs of II-VI semiconductors such as CdTe and CdSe are used as light emitters. Quantum dots have also attracted wide attention due to the occurrence of multiple exciton generation from a single photon and the phonon bottlenecks allowing charge carriers to be maintained in a hot state. This has spured research on using QDs as light harvesters in mesoscopic solar cells where external quantum efficiencies for electric current generation of over 100 % have been achieved. My lecture will discuss the latest developments and applications of this exciting field of quantum research. 22 Author : David Gross Affiliation : University of California, Santa Barbara Title : To be announced Abstract 23 Author : James Hartle Affiliation : University of California, Santa Barbara Title : Quantum Mechanics in the Light of Cosmology Abstract An inescapable inference from the physics of the last 90 years is that we live in a quantum mechanical universe. The textbook Copenhagen quantum mechanics of measurement situations is not general enough for cosmology. But in the 60 years since Everett, a formulation of quantum mechanics has been developed that is adequate for cosmology --- consistent or decoherent histories quantum mechanics. Copenhagen quantum theory is an approximation to decoherent histories appropriate for measurement situations. Cosmology seeks to understand the past to simplify prediction of the future. Retrodiction is not possible in Copenhagen quantum theory. But decoherent histories allows observed features of the universe today to be understood as originating from quantum events in the very early universe when there were no observers, or measurements, or even classical spacetime. If the universe is a quantum mechanical system, it has a quantum state. A theory of that state is a necessary part of any `final theory' of cosmology along with a theory of dynamics like string theory. Some of the successes of the `no boundary' quantum state of the universe will be described. We conclude with a few speculations about further generalizations of quantum theory. 24 Author : Anthony Leggett Affiliation : University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Title : Quantum Mechanics and the Notion of "Realism" in Physics Abstract Quantum Mechanics (QM) has proved brilliantly successful in describing the behaviour of the microscopic world of electrons and atoms, but some of its predictions seem to fly in the face of the "common sense" we use in everyday life. Perhaps the most perplexing aspect of this state of affairs is that some predictions of QM seem prima facie to violate the common-sense notion of "realism " - the idea that, crudely speaking, the world is at any given time in a definite state irrespective of whether or not we observe it to be so. I examine this idea within a physics context and relate it to the notion of "macroscopic counterfactual definiteness". I then review some recent tests of QM versus realism so defined at both the microscopic and the (quasi)macroscopic level. I conclude by making contact with some considerations in the philosophical literature concerning the status of counterfactual statements, and point out that the extrapolation of the quantum-mechanical world-view to the level of everyday life is likely to lead eventually to some very bizarre consequences indeed. 25 Author : Rudolph Marcus Affiliation : Caltech Title : Quantum Mechanics and Chemical Reaction Rates, 1928 and Counting Abstract Some two years after the birth of wave mechanics F. London [1] introduced the idea of a chemical reaction occurring on an electronically adiabatic potential energy surface, a cornerstone of the subsequent rapid development [2] of chemical reaction rate theory. One year later O.K. Rice [3] formulated a quantum mechanical theory for a chemical predissociation reaction, an electronically nonadiabatic process. Developments in the theory of the rates of electron transfer reactions [4], a large class of chemical reactions that exhibits both adiabatic and nonadiabatic examples, will be described. The theory has found applications in many areas, ranging from solar energy conversion to reactions in biological systems. One item of general interest is how the functional form of the theory applies approximately, with some limitation on range, to the rates of other quite different types of transfer reactions, such as the transfer of methyl cations between species. [5] Reference [1] F. London, Sommerfeld Festschrift, S. Hirzel, Leipzig (1928), pp 104-113; F. London, Z. Elektrochem. u. Angew. Phys. Chem. 35, 552 (1929) [2] H. Eyring, J. Chem. Phys, 3, 107 (1935); M. G. Evans and M. Polanyi, Trans. Faraday Soc, 3, 875 (1935) [3] O. K. Rice, Phys. Rev. 33, 748 (1929) [4] R. A. Marcus, J. Chem. Phys. 24, 966 (1956} [5] E. S. Lewis and D. D. Hu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106, 3294 (1984); S. Wolfe, D. J. Mitchell, and H. B.Schlegel, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103, 7694, (1981) 26 Author : Viatcheslav Mukhanov Affiliation : Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Title : The Quantum Universe Abstract I will review the recent development in cosmology and in particular, the relation between the measurements of Cosmic Microwave Background fluctuations and the theoretical predictions made more than thirty years ago. 27 Author : William Munro Affiliation : NTT Basic research Lab Title : New Century Engineering Using the Age Old Principles of Quantum Mechanics Abstract The last century saw the discovery of quantum mechanics, probably the most fundamental and far-reaching theory ever developed. Much of the original focus was on its paradoxical nature (entanglement and nonlocality) but the last quarter century has seen that focus move to how it can be used for the development of interesting and disruptive technologies. We are at the stage where the true engineering of quantum devices is taking place. The hybridization of distinct quantum systems has now reached the stage when we can actually engineer the properties of the composite system to be better than the individual parts. Such an improvement of coherence time via a coupling with an unstable system would open a new use of a hybrid system for the realization of quantum information processing. We will discuss how this could provide an alternative approach for quantum memories and the generation of nonclassical states such as spins squeezing. There are many quantum systems that have been used in this hybridization but our focus will be on superconducting circuits coupled with electron spin ensembles. 28 Author : Hermann Nicolai Affiliation : Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics Title : Quantum Gravity and Unification Abstract After more than 40 years of an unprecedented collective intellectual effort towards a theory of quantum gravity reconciling quantum mechanics and general relativity, theoretical physics has arrived at crossroads as Nature remains tight-lipped about what comes after Einstein and the Standard Model of particle physics. In this talk I will review recent developments, as well as perspectives for future progress. 29 Author : Hideo Ohno Affiliation : Tohoku University Title : Spin on Integrated Circuits: An Emerging Field of Spintronics Abstract The forefront of application of spin in solid state devices, spintronics, is now at integrated circuits, where spintronics is used to meet the requirement of low power consumption and high performance, in the wake of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) era where low standby-power is critical. Spintronics nanodevices, magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) and its variant, utilize spin transfer to manipulate the state of magnetization and spin tunneling to read the state of magnetization in a ferromagnet. The nonvolatile nature along with other favorable properties of such spintronics devices is considered to be not only critical for making them a viable candidate to replace the current volatile DRAM and SRAM for power consideration, but also crucial in making processing more efficient. I will first discuss about the current state of spintronics nanodevice technology that can be scaled beyond 20 nm with a perpendiculareasy-axis material system. I will then describe recent device studies utilizing spin-orbit interaction to generate spin polarization in a heavy metal as well as in an antiferromagnet to exert torque on a ferromagnet placed on it, thereby allowing one to switch magnetization of the ferromagnet. If time allows, I will add a discussion of electrical manipulation of magnetization to further reduce the power consumption. Finally, I will touch upon the demonstration of integrated circuits made on industry standard 300 mm Si wafers, showing significant reduction of power consumption by utilizing the nonvolatile nature of spintronics nanodevices, which may change the way integrated circuits are built in the coming years. 30 Author : Miles Padgett Affiliation : University of Glasgow Title : Resolution Limits of Quantum Ghost Imaging Abstract Ghost imaging and ghost diffraction were first demonstrated by Shih and co-workers using photon pairs created by parametric down-conversion. A pump beam produces two output beams with the object placed in one beam and the imaging detector in the other. Information from either one of the two beams is not sufficient to produce an image, but the measured correlation between the two beams does. In this work we present an examination of the resolution limits of the ghost imaging and ghost diffraction. In all ghost imaging system, the resolution of the imaging system cannot exceed the resolution with which the spatial correlations between the down-converted photons can be measured. This measured correlation is of course limited by the fidelities with which the down conversion source is imaged to the camera and the object. However, an additional limitation may be imposed by the underlying strength of the correlation inherent in the down-conversion process itself, i.e. the number of spatial modes produced by the down conversion crystal (a function of both the pump beam size and crystal length). Beyond being a study of the resolution associated with ghost imaging, our diffraction results are a demonstration of tests of quantum mechanics proposed by Popper. In essence, Popper thought that conventional diffraction and the ghost diffraction would yield the same patterns. Our results show that this is not the case and that this discrepancy is a natural consequence of the limited modal capacity of the down-conversion source. Consequently, the anticipated and observed experimental results are consistent with the Copenhagen Interpretation. 31 Author : Stuart Parkin Affiliation : IBM Almaden Research Centre Title : Spin Orbitronics for Advanced Magnetic Memories Abstract Over the past few years there have been remarkable discoveries in spin-based phenomena that rely on spin-orbit coupling that could spur the development of advanced magnetic memory devices. These include the formation of chiral spin textures in the form of Néel domain walls and topological spin textures, skyrmions, that are stabilized by a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya exchange interaction. The Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya exchange interaction is derived from broken symmetries and spin-orbit interactions at interfaces or within the bulk of materials. Another important consequence of spin-orbit effects are the unexpectedly high conversion efficiencies of charge current to chiral spin current from topological spin textures and in conventional metals, via the spin Hall effect. Such spin currents lead to giant spin-orbit torques that can be used to switch the magnetization in three terminal magnetic tunnel junction memory elements or can be used to move domain walls in Racetrack Memory memory-storage devices. Indeed record-breaking current-induced domain wall speeds exceeding 1,000 m/sec have recently been reported in atomically engineered synthetic antiferromagnetic racetracks in which the domain walls are “invisible” with no net magnetization. I will discuss some of these exciting developments in the emerging field of spin orbitronics in my talk. 32 Author : Gerard 't Hooft Affiliation : Universiteit Utrecht Title : How Quantum Mechanics Modifies the Space-Time of a Black Hole Abstract Quantisation of a black hole is often thought to require (super)string theory. We argue however that conventional physics does yield the basic properties of the quantum states. It is observed that the general coordinate transformations relevant to black holes, only obey unitarity constraints if unusual boundary conditions are imposed. In the classical limit, these would stay unnoticed. 33 Author : Tatsu Takeuchi Affiliation : Virginia Tech Title : Quantum Theory of Bi-orthogonal Systems Abstract We describe how quantum theory would look like for systems where using bi-orthogonal bases make sense. In this description, the vector space and its dual, necessary for measurement to be defined, may be different. In particular, we examine the behavior of quantum operators for such a set-up. We review a simple version of the description using Galois fields rather than the normal complex fields. The resultant description could be used to formulate stabilizer states in quantum information theory. We next generalize to complex fields, with particular attention on how phase correlations and local gauge concepts are manifested. Related underlying symmetry properties are explored, including those exhibiting modular invariance. The description is of use for open systems, and where dissipation is a factor. 34 Author : Alexander Vilenkin Affiliation : Tufts University Title : Quantum Cosmology and the Beginning of the Universe Abstract The spacetime of an expanding universe cannot be indefinitely extended to the past; it must have a beginning. The question is then: what determines the initial state of the universe? This question is addressed in quantum cosmology, where the entire universe is treated quantum mechanically and is described by a wave function. The picture that has emerged from this approach is that a closed universe spontaneously nucleates out of nothing, where “nothing” refers to a state with no classical space, time, and matter. I will discuss the key ideas of quantum cosmology and some of its conceptual problems. 35 Author : Arieh Warshel Affiliation : University of Southern California Title : QM/MM and Other Strategies for Quantum Mechanical Simulations of Processes in Condensed Phases and in Large Biological Molecules Abstract The description of large systems should be done in principle by quantum mechanical approaches. However, in many cases it is close to impossible to performe quantum mechanical (QM) calculations, due to the enormous requirement of computer power. Thus it is imperative to find the proper balance between the computer time requirements and the need to capture the physics of the given system. In this talk I will review several strategies of treating large systems while retaining the QM descriptions of such systems. We will start by describing one of the most powerful way to gain an insight on chemical processes in large systems is the QM/MM method [1] [2]. This embedding approach have become a popular tool in studies of complex systems [2], yet the use of such approaches in accurate evaluations of reaction rates in proteins and solutions is very challenging. Unfortunately, quantitative studies require a combination of accurate (ab intuition based) potential surfaces and the ability of extensive sampling for proper evaluation of activation free energies and transmission factors. Our strategies for overcoming these problems are based on the use of an EVB potential surface as a reference potential for ab initio sampling. This powerful approach will be illustrated in specific cases. Another powerful direction in embedding strategies is the so called constraint DFT (CDFT) and frozen DFT (FDFT) [3] [4] approach, that describe the entire system quantum mechanically but fix the density of the regions around the key regions. Other strategies are also considered and evaluated. Reference [1] Theoretical Studies of Enzymatic Reactions: Dielectric Electrostatic and Steric Stabilization of Multiscale Modeling of Biological Functions: From Enzymes to Molecular Machines (Nobel Lecture), A. Warshel, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 53, 10020 (2014). [2] Progresses in Ab Initio QM/MM Free Energy Simulations of Electrostatic Energies in Proteins: Accelerated QM/MM Studies of pKa, Redox Reactions and Solvation Free Energies, S. C. L. Kamerlin, M. Haranczyk and A. Warshel, J. Phys. Chem. B, Centennial Feature Article 113, 1253 (2009). [3] Frozen Density Functional Approach for Ab Initio Calculations of Solvated Molecules, T. A. Wesolowski and A. Warshel, J. Phys. Chem. 97, 8050 (1993). [4] Constraining the Electron Densities in DFT Methods as an Effective Way for Ab Initio Studies of Metal-Catalyzed Reactions. G. Hong, M. Strajbel, T. Wesolowski and A. Warshel, J. Comput.Chem. 21, 1554(2000). 36 Author : Qikun Xue Affiliation : Tsinghua University Title : Quantization of the Anomalous Hall Effect Abstract Quantum Hall Effect (QHE), a quantized version of the Hall effect, was observed in twodimensional electron systems more than 30 years ago, in which the Hall resistance is quantized into h/ e2 ( is an integer) plateaus. Occurrence of QHE relies on the formation of well-defined Landau levels, thus is only possible in high mobility samples and strong external magnetic field. Here, we report the quantization of the Anomalous Hall Effect in thin films of Cr/V-doped (Bi,Sb)2Te3 magnetic topological insulator grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Our work concludes a decades-long search for the quantum Hall effect without Landau levels and paves a way for developing low-power-consumption electronics and studying topological quantum effects. 37 Author : Jun Ye Affiliation : University of Colorado Title : Measurement at the Quantum Frontier Abstract Quantum state engineering of ultracold matter and precise control of optical coherence have revolutionized a new generation of atomic clocks with accuracy at the 18th digit. This progress has benefited greatly from microscopic understandings of atomic interactions in the quantum regime. Meanwhile, the unified front of precision metrology and quantum physics has enabled exploration of many-body spin systems. Our next clock will have at its core a Fermi degenerate gas of tens of thousands Sr-87 atoms configured as a band insulator in a threedimensional optical lattice. The correlated, high-density atomic system provides a clear path for improving the clock performance to the next decimal point, and sets the stage to advance measurement precision beyond the standard quantum limit. These emerging quantum technologies will allow us to test the fundamental laws of nature and search for new physics beyond the Standard Model. 38 Author : Sixia Yu Affiliation : University of Science and Technology of China Title : Quantum Contextuality: The Smallest State-Independent Proof Abstract Contextuality is a most fundamental feature of quantum theory, possibly identifying an alternative cause that is different from what we have learnt from the theory of relativity. In this talk I shall present the smallest state-independent proof of quantum contextuality, which is the main statement of Kochen-Specker theorem. I shall at first give a brief introduction to the concept of contextuality, which becomes the more familiar notion of quantum nonlocality in the case of composite systems with space-like separated observers. Next I shall review briefly previous proofs of quantum contextuality via logical contradiction as well as the so-called noncontextuality inequalities. Then I shall present a state-independent proof of quantum contextuality by using only 13 observables, whereas at least 31 observables are involved in previous state-independent proofs. Interestingly, the configurations of our 13-observable proof and a 33-observable proof can be identified in an artwork named “Waterfall” (1961) by M.C. Escher. Our succinct proof makes it possible the experimental test of quantum contextuality for the smallest quantum system capable of demonstrating quantum contextuality, i.e. a qutrit, in a state-independent fashion. 39 Author : Shoucheng Zhang Affiliation : Stanford University Title : Discovery of the Chiral Majorana Fermion Abstract Majorana fermion is a hypothetical fermionic particle which is its own anti-particle. Intense research efforts focus on its experimental observation as a fundamental particle in high energy physics and as a quasi-particle in condensed matter systems. I shall report the theoretical prediction and the experimental discovery of the chiral Majorana fermion in a topological state of quantum matter. In the hybrid system of a quantum anomalous Hall thin film coupled with a conventional superconductor, a series of topological phase transitions are controlled by the reversal of the magnetization, where the half-integer quantized conductance plateau (0.5e2/h) is observed as a compelling signature of the Majorana fermion. 40 Author : Peter Zoller Affiliation : University of Innsbruck Title : Synthetic Quantum Matter with Cold Atoms and Ions Abstract In view of remarkable advances in realizing engineered quantum many-body systems with cold atoms and ions as ‘quantum computers’ and ‘quantum simulators’, we discuss from a theory perspective proposals and prospects of next generation experiments at the interface to condensed matter and high-energy physics. Examples to be discussed include quantum simulation of lattice gauge theories in analog and digital quantum simulation, and we will illustrate the ability to access novel observables like entanglement entropies and spectra by describing corresponding protocols and their implementation. We conclude with an outlook on open quantum systems. 41 Poster Presenters & Titles 42 Poster Presenters & Titles 1 Jin-Shi Xu (University of Science and Technology of China) Experimental Quantification of Asymmetric Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Steering 2 Darren Ong (Xiamen University Malaysia) Understanding the Spreading of a Quantum Walk Using the Spectral Theory of Unitary Operators 3 Vitalie Eremeev (Universidad Diego Portales) Spin-Mechanical System Under Weak Measurement Approach 4 Sami AL-Jaber (An-Najah National University) Uncertainty Relations for Some Central Potentials in N-Dimensional Space 5 Fabio Scardigli (Politecnico Di Milano) Generalized Uncertainty Principle Parameter from Quantum Corrections to the Newtonian Potential 6 Piyabut Burikham (Chulalongkorn University) A New Mass Scale, Implications on Black Hole Evaporation and Holography 7 Zong-Quan Zhou (University of Science and Technology of China) Experimental Violation of Leggett-Garg Inequality with a Light-Matter Interfaced System 8 Chuan-Feng Li (University of Science and Technology of China) Experiment on Solid State Quantum Memory 9 Yongjian Han (University and Science and Technology of China) Simulating the Exchange of Majorana Zero Modes with a Photonic System 10 Yi-Tao Wang (University of Science and Technology of China) Experimental Investigation of the No-Signalling Principle in Parity–Time Symmetric Theory Using an Open Quantum System 11 Marvin Flores (University of the Philippines) Mixtures of Maximally Entangled Pure States 12 Michele Dall'Arno (National University of Singapore) No-Hypersignaling as a Physical Principle 13 Michele Dall'Arno (National University of Singapore) Device-Independent Tests of Time-Like Correlations 43 14 Kai Sun (University of Science and Technology of China) Realization of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Steering Game Based on All-Versus-Nothing Proof 15 Sergey Rashkovskiy (Institute for Problems in Mechanics RAS) Quantum Mechanics: A Theory of Particles or a Classical Field Theory? 16 Leonardo Ermann (CNEA) Dynamical Thermalization of Chaotic Bose-Einstein Condensates 17 Jirawat Tangpanitanon (Centre for Quantum Technologies) Topological Pumping of Photons in Nonlinear Resonator Arrays 18 Choon-Lin Ho (Tamkang University) Prepotential Approach to Rational Extensions of Solvable Potentials and Exceptional Orthogonal Polynomials 19 Tian Feng See (Centre for Quantum Technologies) Diagrammatic Approach to Scattering in Many-Body Photonic Systems 20 Ayman Shahin (Nanyang Technological University) The Synergistic Effect of Plasma Oxygen and Thermal Treatments on the Performance of Organic Solar Cells 21 Benliang Li (Nanyang Technological University) Study of the Aharonov-Bohm Effect: A Derivation of One Particle Quantum Mechanics and Classical Electromagnetic Fields from Quantum Electrodynamics 22 Xiao-Dong Yu (Shandong University) A Universal Framework for Quantifying Coherence 23 Zhiyuan Wei (University of Science and Technology of China) Phase Transition of the Schwinger Model: Qualitative Estimation with MPS of Small Bond Dimension 24 Dahyun Yum (National University of Singapore) Optical Qubit of Trapped Barium Ion 25 Anna Paterova (Nanyang Technological University) Infrared Nonlinear Spectroscopy 26 Haryanto Siahaan (Parahyangan Catholic University) Some Aspects of Extremal Magnetized Black Holes 44 27 Eny Latifah (Universitas Negeri Malang) Heat Capacity Ratio of Quantum Systems under Non-Carnot Cycle 28 Ekkarat Pongophas (Mahidol University) One-Photon and Two-Photon Interferences in a Second-Harmonic-Generation Optical Gating Michelson Interferometer 29 Amit Rai (National Institute of Technology, India) Quantum Physics in Waveguide Arrays 30 I Wayan Gede Tanjung Krisnanda (Nanyang Technological University) Revealing Non-Classicality of Unmeasured Objects 31 Tianhai Zeng (Beijing Institute of Technology) An Explanation of Interference of Double-Slit and Principle of Superposition of States 32 Shi-Dong Liang (Sun Yat-Sen University) A Nanoscale Window for Probing Planck Scale Phenomena 33 Ewan Munro (National University of Singapore) Optical Properties of an Atomic Ensemble Coupled to a Band Edge of a Photonic Crystal Waveguide 34 Thi Ha Kyaw (Centre for Quantum Technologies) Parity-Preserving Light-Matter System Mediates Effective Two-Body Interactions 35 Victor Manuel Bastidas Valencia (National University of Singapore) Driven Open Quantum Systems and Floquet Stroboscopic Dynamics 36 Tobias Haug (Centre for Quantum Technologies) Configuration of Quantized Chiral Currents in Coupled Atomtronic Ring Ladders 37 Fattah Sakuldee (Mahidol University) Extraction of Irreversible Actions from the Conditioned Open Quantum System Dynamical Maps 38 Gleb Maslennikov (Centre for Quantum Technologies) Quantum Absorption Refrigerator in the Single Shot Regime 39 Ying-Yen Liao (National University of Kaohsiung) Bell States and Entanglement of Two-Dimensional Polar Molecules in Electric Fields 45 40 Zheng Yang Choong (Hwa Chong Institution) Building a Sub-Nanometre Resolution Grating Monochromator 41 Andy Chia (National University of Singapore) Hitting Statistics from Quantum Jumps 42 Eny Latifah (Universitas Negeri Malang) Heat Capacity Ratio of Quantum Systems under Non-Carnot Cycle 43 Mohd Faudzi Umar (Universiti Putra Malaysia) Two-Dimensional Plane, Modified Symplectic Structure and Quantization 44 Pak Shen Choong (Universiti Putra Malaysia) Characterizing Three-Qubit Entanglement Types by Higher Order Singular Value Decomposition 45 Agus Purwanto (Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology) Multiple-State Quantum Otto Engine, 1D Box System 46 47 Useful Telephone Numbers Emergency Numbers Police: 999 Ambulance: 995 Fire Brigade: 995 Tourist Information Hotline: 1800 736 2000 [Toll-free in Singapore only, operates Monday to Friday (excluding Public Holidays), 9am to 6pm.] Medical services 36 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639801 Fullerton Healthcare Group @ Gethin-Jones It is located at the University Health Service Building (formerly known as International House), beside the Student Services Centre Tel: 6793 6974 6793 6828 Blk 690 Jurong West Central 1, #01-193, Singapore 640690 Healthway Medical Group (next to Jurong Point Shopping Maill) Tel: 6792 1812 6791 5719 Blk 502 Jurong West Ave 1, #01-803, Singapore 640502 Silver Cross Family Clinic Tel: 6899 2141 Taxi services City Cab 6552 2222 SMRT Taxis 6555 8888 TransCab 6555 3333 Premier Taxis 6363 6888 48 SYNOPSIS T he years 1925-27 was unique in the history of physics. In the span of only a few years a lot of the modern quantum mechanics was born and quickly matured. From the first paper by Werner Heisenberg in the summer of 1925 over the long series of papers by Erwin Schrödinger in 1926 and the remarkable paper also in 1926 by Max Born where the statistical nature of quantum mechanics was established, the revolution’s first stage was completed in 1927 with Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. All these developments were summed up in the perhaps most famous physics conference ever, the fifth Solvay conference “Electrons and Photons” in Brussels in 1927. All seventeen out of the twenty-nine participants were or were to be Nobel laureates. This conference celebrates this magnificent journey that started 90 years ago. Quantum physics mechanics has during this period developed in leaps and bounds and this conference will be devoted to the progress of quantum mechanics since then. It aims to show how universal quantum mechanics is penetrating all of basic physics. Another aim of the conference is to highlight how quantum mechanics is at the heart of most modern science applications and technology. The conference will bring together the leading experts in the world in most of the basic fundamental fields of physics but also students and delegates from the public. It will serve as an interaction platform for students, researchers and other participants to keep abreast of the current scientific trends in these fast growing areas of physics and technology. Institute of Advanced Studies Nanyang Technological University Nanyang Executive Centre 60 Nanyang View #04-09 Singapore 639673 Tel: (65) 6790 6491 Fax: (65) 6794 4941 Website: http://www.ntu.edu.sg/ias