Download Genus specific epithet

Nested Hierarchies, the Order of Nature:
Carolus Linnaeus
• Swedish Naturalist
•Swedish Naturalist
•Influenced by Aristotle’s
“Great Chain of Being”
•Linnaeus’ Artificial System of
Classification
•“All for the Glory of GoD”
Nested Hierarchies, the Order of Nature:
Carolus Linnaeus
•Systema Naturae (1735)
•Polynomial Name to Binomial
Name (Genus specific epithet)
•Species-Genus-Family-OrderClass- Division/Phylum-Kingdom
The Ecology of Human Populations: Thomas Malthus
•Population Growth vs.
Food Supply
•An Essay on the Principle
of Population as it Affects
the Future Improvement of
Society(1798)
Between 1800 and 2000 the
human population increased
about six-fold. Has the food
supply kept pace? Will there be
enough food to support the
projected population of 9.2 billion
in 2050?
Early Concepts of Evolution: Jean Baptiste
Lamarck
•French Naturalist
•Species changed over time into
new species via natural processes
•Lamarckian Theory of Evolution:
Theory of Use and Disuse and
Theory of Acquired Inheritance
Ladder Type Evolution
Extinctions & Paleontology: Georges Cuvier
• Catastrophist
• Fossils became popular
• “Some species had
actually vanished from
the face of the earth”,
and so EXTINCTION
• Cuvier was a
legendary anatomist
• Mass extinction
Uniformitarianism: Charles Lyell
•Gradualism(James Hutton )+
added ideas= uniformitarianism
•Geological processes operating in
the past are still operational today!
•The Earth is old!
Discrete Genes Are Inherited: Gregor Mendel
•Science of Heredity using
garden peas
•22 pea varieties using 7
character traits
•Blending inheritance vs. laws of
heredity
•Mendel’s work goes
unrecognized even Darwin
himself
•15 years have to wait before
scientists realized the answer to
one of life’s greatest mysteries!
•“Father of Genetics”
Natural Selection: Charles Darwin & Alfred
Russel Wallace
•The Origin of Species by Means of
Natural Selection or the Preservation
of Favored Races in the Struggle for
Life” (1859)
•First Synthetic Theory of Evolution
•Pressure of population growth by
Malthus is applicable to other
organisms
Natural Selection: Charles Darwin & Alfred
Russel Wallace
Darwin’s Finches
•Selection of Traits: key to
survival in all struggling
organisms in a finite
environment
•Wallace and Darwin
maintained correspondence
•A joint paper was published
at the Linnaean Society of
London
•Darwin and Wallace
developed similar theory, but
Darwin amassed more
evidences and published a
book.
Rediscovering the Laws of Heredity: de Vries,
Correns, and Tschermak
De Vries
Tschermak
Correns
DNA, the Language of Evolution: Francis Crick &
James Watson
James Watson
Francis Crick
•Life was encoded in GENES
•DNA structure was inferred from a top view X-ray
•Life’s Cookbook
•Mutation as the raw material of EVOLUTION was well understood with the
dawn of the DNA molecule
Reference:
• Understanding Evolution. University of
California Museum of Paleontology