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Evolution Scientists and their Theories Name/ Date Linnaeus → Mid 1700’s General Idea Taxonomy Specifics • Naming system based on common anatomy • Binomial nomenclature → genus and specie • Used later by Darwin Hutton → 1795 Gradualism • Theory = changes of the Earth’s geological features are due to slow but continuous processes (cumulative) Lamarck → 1809 Evolution • Use and Disuse Theory → parts you use become stronger • Said you could inherit acquired characteristics (WRONG!) Malthus → 1798 Populations • Capacity of organisms to over-reproduce • Populations increase faster than food supply and other resources Cuvier → Early 1800’s Paleontology • Studied fossils • Deeper fossils = more different from present organisms • Catastrophism → boundary between strata of fossils must be marked by a catastrophe in time (flood, drought, etc) Lyell → 1830 Uniformitarianism • Geological processes have not changed throughout time → the rates are the same today (eroding mountains) Darwin → 1850’s Evolution Natural Selection • Occurrence of evolution • Natural selection as a mechanism for evolution •Before Darwin, people thought that the Earth was only 6000 years old and that species didn’t change Mendel → 1865 Inheritance Wallace → 1858 Evolution Natural Selection • Dominant/ Recessive → Father of Genetics • Developed a theory very similar to Darwin’s and published earlier • Darwin = more proof and more extensive, so he gets credit