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The Ocean Floor
Day 1
Warm Up
1.Why do you think we study oceans?
2.Complete this chart:
What I know about
oceans:
What I want to know
about oceans:
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
Objectives
Today I will be able to:
• Identify the main oceans of the world.
• Compare the methods used to map the oceans.
• Name ENERGY resources found on the ocean
floor.
• Describe how the energy resources formed in the
ocean.
• Defend the use or protection of resources found
in the ocean.
Key Points
• Approximately 70 % of Earth’s surface is covered by water.
• The largest of Earth’s oceans is the Pacific.
• The four major oceans are the Pacific, the Atlantic, the Arctic
and the Indian.
• Solar technology is used by scientists to measure ocean depth.
• Submersibles can collect data about areas of the ocean that
were previously unreachable by humans and stay underwater
for a long time.
• Energy resources obtained from the ocean include: oil, natural
gas, and gas hydrates.
• Heat from Earth’s interior and pressure from overlying rock
transform the remains of marine sediments into oil and
natural gas.
• 30% of earth’s oil resources come from offshore drilling.
• Non energy resources that come from the ocean include sand,
gravel and salt.
Our Oceans
• As we know, oceanography
is the study of oceans.
• Over 70% of earth is
covered by water, and most
of that water is in the
oceans.
Our Oceans
• There are four major oceans:
– Pacific ocean: the largest and deepest
– Atlantic ocean: about half the size of the Pacific
– Arctic ocean: surrounds the far northern part of
earth
– Indian ocean
Our Oceans
• Can you identify the four major oceans?
Mapping the Ocean Floor
• Scientists use technology to map the ocean
floor:
1. Sonar
2. Satellites
3. Submersibles
Mapping the Ocean Floor
1. Sonar technology is used by scientists to
measure ocean depth.
– Also known as echo sounding, sonar works by
transmitting sound waves towards the ocean floor.
– How submarines use sonar
Mapping the Ocean Floor
2. Satellites
– Satellites orbit the
planet and are able to
measure surface height
by bouncing microwaves
off the ocean surface.
– Ocean surface changes
elevation based on the
features on the sea
floor.
– Tracking climate change
using satellites
Mapping Ocean Floor
3. Submersibles
• Submersibles are small underwater crafts used for
deep-sea research.
• Collect data about areas of the ocean that were
previously unreachable by humans.
• Remain underwater for long periods of time.
• We will watch a video next week that was shot
using submersibles.
Check In – Oceans Day 1
Answer the following questions in complete
sentences.
1. How much of the earth’s surface is covered by
oceans?
2. Name the four main oceans.
– Which one is the largest?
– Which one is the deepest?
3. How has technology increased our
understanding of the ocean?
Use your notes and book (p.398 -400)
to complete the following table:
Technology:
How does it work?
What does it
measure?
Benefits
Draw a picture of
the technology
Sonar
Satellites
Submersibles
Ocean Resources
• One of the reasons humans study oceans is
because oceans are full of RESOURCES.
• A resource is anything that can be used or sold.
• There are two types of resources in the oceans:
– Energy Resources (fuel)
– Non-Energy Resources
Energy Resources
• Oil and Natural Gas
– The main energy resource taken from the oceans
• Over millions of years heat and pressure transformed
the remains of marine sediments into oil and natural
gas.
• Right now 30% of earth’s oil resources come from a
process known as offshore drilling.
Video on Offshore Drilling
Energy Resources
• Oil and Natural Gas
 While offshore drilling seems like a simple solution to
earth’s diminishing oil supply, it is controversial for
several reasons.
1.
2.
3.
4.
It is expensive
It is dangerous
It causes pollution
Eventually we will still run out of oil
•
•
Video about the debate to drill offshore – 2008
On Tuesday night there was accident off the coast of Louisiana, watch the
CNN report from this morning.
Energy Resources
• Gas Hydrates
– Gas hydrates are compact chemical structures
made of water and natural gas.
Gas Hydrate video
Non-Energy Resources
• Other major resources from the ocean floor
include:
– Sand
– Gravel
– Evaporative salts: used as table salt, dying fabric
and de-icing roads
Non-Energy Resources
• Sand and Gravel
– Used to for landfill and to make concrete.
– The mining of sand and gravel can result in large
amounts of sediments being suspended in water.
– How might this affect marine organisms living in
the area?
• ____________________________
Check-In Questions – Oceans Day 1
Answer the following questions in complete
sentences.
5. Name 3 energy resources obtained from the
ocean.
6. How much of the world’s oil production
currently comes from offshore regions?
7. Name 3 non-energy resources obtained from
the ocean.
Ocean Resources Activity
Our oceans are homes to a variety of sea life, but they
contain valuable resources. On earth day, let’s take a
look at the pros and cons of using the oceans for its
resources.
1. Read the excerpt on the back of your handout carefully.
2. Make a list of 5-10 pros – why we SHOULD extract
resources from the ocean.
3. Make a list of 5-10 cons– why we SHOULD NOT extract
resources from the ocean.
4. Write a persuasive paragraph (5-8 sentences) explaining
why you are FOR extracting the ocean’s resources or
AGAINST it. Try to convince the reader that they should
share your opinion.
Ocean Resources
PROS
CONS
5. Write a persuasive paragraph (5-8 sentences) explaining
why you are FOR extracting the ocean’s resources or
AGAINST it. Try to convince the reader that they should
share your opinion.
Ocean Resources Activity
• Read your paragraph to a partner.
• Compare opinions and talk for 2 minutes
about why you feel the way that you do.
• I will select several of you to share thoughts
and opinions with the class. Be prepared!
Brownie Ticket
1. What percentage of the earth is covered in LAND?
2. What technology do scientists use to measure ocean
depth?
a. submersible b. satellites c. sonar d. laser
3. Which of the following can submersibles do?
a) collect data about areas of the ocean that were previously
unreachable by humans
b) remain underwater for long periods of time
c) both a and b
d) map the ocean surface from space
4. How much of the world’s oil production currently comes
from offshore regions?
Warm Up 11/15
1.How much of Earth’s surface
is covered in land?
2.What can submersibles do?
3.Name at least 5 ocean
resources
Ocean Regions
Monday November 15, 2010
Objectives
• I will be able to illustrate and define
the ocean floors regions and
features.
• I will be able to relate the theory of
plate tectonics to the features on the
ocean floor.
Key Points
• The three major regions of the ocean floor are the continental
margins, the ocean basin floor and the mid-ocean ridges.
• The gently sloping submerged surface extending from the shoreline
toward the deep ocean is called the continental shelf.
• At the continental margin in the Pacific Ocean there are
earthquakes, volcanoes and plate activity.
• Seamounts are volcanoes that form on the ocean floor.
• Mid-ocean ridges are associated with mountainous topography.
• The abyssal plains are thought to be the most level places on earth.
• The deepest part of the ocean are ocean trenches.
• Seafloor spreading occurs at divergent plates.
Mapping the Ocean Floor
• Scientists use submersibles, satellites, and
sonar to map the ocean floor
• The three main regions of the ocean floor are
1. The continental margin
2. The ocean basin floor
3. The mid-ocean ridges
• THINK: Where have we heard about midocean ridges before?
Ocean Regions
• Where are the
continental margins,
mid-ocean ridge, and
ocean basin floor?
Ocean Regions
• Continental Margins
– The zone of transition between the continent and
the ocean basin floor
• In the Atlantic the continental margin is quiet and has
little volcanic or earthquake activity
• In the Pacific oceanic crust is pushed under continental
crust
– What is this called?
• A subduction zone that causes earthquakes,
volcanoes, and other plate interactions
Ocean Regions
• Continental Margins are divided into the
continental shelf, continental slope, and
continental rise
1. The Continental shelf is the gently sloping
submerged surface that goes from the shoreline
toward the deep ocean
- contains important resources such as… (what
were the resources we discussed on Friday?)
Ocean Regions
2. The Continental Slope is a steep gradient that
leads to the deep-ocean floor
- Contains submarine canyons carved out by
turbidity currents
3. The Continental Rise is the gently sloping
surface at the base of the continental slope.
Identify the different features of the
continental margin
Ocean Regions
• The ocean basin floor is the area of the deep
ocean floor between continental margins and
mid-ocean ridges
• There are a lot cool features of the ocean
basin floor
– Deep ocean trenches
– Abyssal plains
– Seamounts
Ocean Regions
• Deep-ocean trenches form at plate boundaries…
which type of boundary do you think?
– Trenches are the deepest part of the ocean.
EXPLORE THE MARIANA TRENCH
• Abyssal Plains are very level area of the deepocean floor
– They are the MOST LEVEL places on earth
• Seamounts are volcanoes that form on the ocean
floor
Ocean Regions
• Mid-Ocean Ridges are found near the center
of most ocean basins where plate boundaries
meet
• Mid-ocean ridges are associated with
mountainous topography, seafloor spreading,
and hydrothermal vents
Check In Questions
1. What are the three major regions of the ocean
floor?
2. Describe mid-ocean ridges. Where are they, what
type of plate boundary are they associated with,
what features would you see at mid-ocean ridges?
3. How is the continental margin of the Pacific
different from the continental margin of the
Atlantic?
4. What are the deepest parts of the ocean?
5. What are the most level places on Earth?
Ocean Regions
• Draw a diagram of the ocean floor and define the
terms.
• Include all three regions of the ocean and the
features listed here:
Continental margin
Deep-ocean trenches
Continental shelf
Abyssal plain
Submarine canyon
Seamounts
Turbidity currents
Mid-ocean ridges
Continental rise
Seafloor spreading
Ocean basin floor
Hydrothermal vents
Ocean Regions – Back of Diagram
• Many features of the ocean are related to plate
tectonics.
• On the back of your ocean regions diagram,
create a handout that explains:
– How seafloor spreading is related to plate tectonics
– How mid-ocean ridges are related to plate tectonics
– How seamounts are related to plate tectonics.
• Be creative and informative!
• Be sure to use complete sentences and drawings.
Brownie Ticket
1. Which of the following occurs at the continental margin
of the Pacific Ocean?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Volcanic activity
Earthquakes
Plate interactions
All of the above
2. The gently sloping submerged surface extending from
the shoreline toward the deep ocean is called ___.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Continental shelf
Continental slope
Continental rise
Submarine canyon
3. Volcanoes that form on the ocean floor are ____.
Tuesday November 16, 2010
OCEAN WATER
Warm Up 11/16- Remember you have
a quiz today!
1. Where does seafloor spreading occur?
2. What is associated with mid-ocean ridges?
3. The gently sloping submerged surface extending from
the shoreline toward the deep ocean is called ___.
4. Put the following in order as you move from the
shoreline to the middle of the ocean:
– Continental shelf, continental rise, continental slope
5. What technology do scientists use to measure the
depth of the oceans?
CHAPTER 14 QUIZ: Ocean Features
• You MAY use your check-ins and ocean floor
diagram
• You MUST be silent
• You have 20 minutes
• Relax, if you need a pencil/pen, I will give it
to you after I hand out the quiz papers
• If you finish early, work on vocabulary due
Friday
Ocean Water: Salinity
Objectives
• Students will be
able to describe the
composition of seawater
• Students will be able to analyze changes
in salinity
Ocean Water: Salinity - Key Points
• Salinity is the amount of dissolved substances/
salts in the oceans
• It is expressed in ‰, parts per thousand
• Salinity, temperature, and density vary within
the ocean
• Salinity and temperature affect the density of
water
• Increased salinity and decreased temperature
result in more dense water
Ocean Water: Salinity
• Salinity is the amount of dissolved solid material
in water (more commonly thought of as salt)
– The most common salt in seawater is sodium chloride
– Because the proportion of the dissolved substances is
such a small number, oceanographers express salinity
in parts per thousand, ‰
– Where do you think these salts come from?
Ocean Water: Salinity
• The main source of these salts in seawater is
chemical weathering of rocks on the
continents
– They reach the ocean through runoff
• The other major source is the earth’s interior
Ocean Water: Salinity
• Brainstorm with a partner a list of things that
might be affected by the salinity (salt content) of
ocean water
•
•
•
•
•
What organisms live where
Ocean currents
Wind currents
Weather
Our lives
Ocean Water: Salinity
• The salinity of ocean water varies slightly around the world
• What can differences in salinity do?
• In general, when the amount of water in the oceans
changes, the salinity changes
• Anything that increases the amount of water will decrease
salinity (make the water more dilute)
• Anything that decreases the amount of water will increase
salinity
• Brainstorm: what are some processes that could increase
the water in oceans? Decrease the amount of water?
Ocean Water: Salinity
Factors that decrease salinity by adding water to the oceans:
- Precipitation
- Runoff from the land
- Icebergs and sea ice melting
Factors that increase salinity by removing water from the
oceans:
- Evaporation of ocean water
- The formation of icebergs and sea ice
The highest salinity would be found in areas with the
greatest amount of evaporation.
Ocean Water: Salinity
• Salinity and Density
– Recap: What is density? What is its formula?
– The two main factors that affect density are
salinity and temperature
– The higher the salinity, the more dense the water
Salinity Analysis
• You and a partner need to analyze the factors that increase and decrease
the salinity in the oceans and design a handout that will educate others
• Include the following: (15 points)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
•
What is salinity? (1 pt)
What is the main source of dissolved substances in the ocean? (1 pt)
In general, what causes an increase in salinity? (1 pt)
What are specific things that increase salinity? (3 pts)
In general, what causes a decrease in salinity? (1 pt)
What specific things decrease salinity? (2 pts)
Where is the highest salinity found? (1 pt) In what part of the world would
you find these conditions? (1 pt)
Scientists fear that global warming is going to significantly impact our
planet… what is global warming’s likely effect on salinity? (1 pt)
Name at least 3 ways that your answer to #6 could have effects on sea life or
human life. (3 pts)
Your handout must be: ORGANIZED, GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT,
CREATIVELY PRESENTED
Brownie Ticket
1. Which of the following is NOT a process that
decreases the salinity of seawater?
A. Runoff from land
B. Icebergs melting
C. Precipitation
D. Evaporation
2. Ocean salinity is usually expressed in _______
3. Where is the highest salinity usually found?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Areas with high precipitation
Areas with high rates of evaporation
Areas with lots of runoff
All of the above
OCEAN WATER: TEMPERATURE,
DENSITY, AND ZONES OF LIFE
November 17, 2010
Objectives
• Salinity and temperature affect the density of
water
• Increased salinity and decreased temperature
result in more dense water
• Scientists divide the ocean into zones of
marine life based on sunlight, distance from
the shore, and depth of the water
Ocean Water: Temperature and
Density
• Just like salinity, the temperature of the ocean
varies
• At the surface of the ocean, temperature
differences are mostly due to the amount of
energy received from the sun
– This means:
• Areas at lower latitudes (closer to the equator) receive
more direct, and intense sunlight and are therefore
warmer
Ocean Water: Temperature and
Density
• Temperature varies with depth
– In most places, the water temperature decreases
as you go deeper (this isn’t as true near the poles)
– Temperature does not decrease evenly
– Thermocline: area of rapid change in temperature
(thermo= heat, cline = slope)
– Important because it creates a vertical barrier
between types of marine life
Ocean Water: Temperature and
Density
• Yesterday we said that the two main factors
that affect density are salinity and
temperature
• Warmer water is less dense and will rise
• Colder water is more dense and will sink
Ocean Water: Temperature and
Density
• Ocean water is layered based on differences in
density
Surface/mixed zone
Transition zone
Deep zone
Ocean Water: Temperature and
Density
• Surface zone
– Water is the warmest because it is heated by the
sun
– Water is mixed by waves, currents, and tides
– Temperature is fairly uniform
– Only about 2% of the ocean
Ocean Water: Temperature and
Density
• Transition zone
– Temperature decreases quickly with depth
– Thermocline
– About 18% of the ocean water
• Deep zone
– Sunlight never reaches this zone
– Temperatures are very cold (only a few degrees above
freezing)
– 80% of the ocean water
Thoughtful question
• With your partner, discuss the following question:
In which of the three zones of the ocean would
you expect to find the lowest density sea water?
Why?
(3 minutes)
Questions to consider while discussing:
- Would you expect the lowest density to float or
sink?
- What factors determine the density of sea water?
Check In Questions
1. What is the layer of rapid temperature
change with depth called?
2. What factors affect the density of seawater?
How do these two factors affect the density?
3. Where is most ocean water located?
Describe this zone.
Salinity Analysis
• You and a partner need to analyze the factors that increase and decrease
the salinity in the oceans and design a handout that will educate others
• Include the following: (15 points)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
•
What is salinity? (1 pt)
What is the main source of dissolved substances in the ocean? (1 pt)
In general, what causes an increase in salinity? (1 pt)
What are specific things that increase salinity? (3 pts)
In general, what causes a decrease in salinity? (1 pt)
What specific things decrease salinity? (2 pts)
Where is the highest salinity found? (1 pt) In what part of the world would
you find these conditions? (1 pt)
Scientists fear that global warming is going to significantly impact our
planet… what is global warming’s likely effect on salinity? (1 pt)
Name at least 3 ways that your answer to #6 could have effects on sea life or
human life. (3 pts)
Your handout must be: ORGANIZED, GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT,
CREATIVELY PRESENTED
The Diversity of Ocean Life
Chapter 15 Section 2
Warm up 11/18
• Come up with at least 10 different creatures that
live in the sea… write it on your warm up paper.
• We’ll be using this list throughout the class, so
keep it available.
Brownie Ticket:
1. Most ocean water is located in which zone?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Mixed zone
Transition zone
Surface zone
Deep zone
2. Where would you find the lowest density seawater?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Surface mixed zone
Transition zone
Deep zone
Abyssal zone
3. The ocean layer of rapid temperature change with depth
is known as the ___.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Trophic zone
Deep zone
Mixed zone
Thermocline
Objectives
• Students will be able to:
– Differentiate between the photic and aphotic
zones.
– Describe the three types of marine organisms
based on where they live and how they move
– Give examples of the three types of marine
organisms
Ocean Life zones
• Many of you have said that the interesting thing
about the oceans is the life-forms
• In addition to dividing the ocean into zones based
on density, we can divide the ocean into zones for
life
• Three factors are used to define these marine life
zones
1. The availability of sunlight
2. The distance from the shore
3. The water depth
Ocean Life zones
• The availability of sunlight
– Photic zone: The region of the ocean where
sunlight penetrates (photos = light)
– The area where sunlight does not penetrate is
called the aphotic zone (without light)
• Organisms here have to be creative to
make/find food
– Bioluminescence: animals creating their own
light IN THEIR BODIES to hunt or avoid being
hunted
– Most organisms survive by eating each other
The Diversity of Ocean Life
• The organisms of the ocean are classified by
where they live and how they move
• The three categories are:
1. Plankton
2. Nekton
3. Benthos
Plankton
• Planktos = “wandering”
• Plankton are organisms that drift with ocean
currents
• Examples include:
– Algae
– Zooplankton: “animal plankton”
– Phytoplankton: “plant plankton”
• Just because plankton drift doesn’t mean they
can’t swim on their own- they either swim weakly
or move in the vertical direction only
Phytoplankton
Zooplankton
•“plant plankton”
• Undergo photosynthesis
•“animal plankton”
•The larval stages of many
marine organisms such as…
- fish
- sea stars
- lobsters
- crabs
Your brainstorm list
• Were there any plankton on your list?
• Write those plankton on post-its to add to our
ocean wall
Nekton
• Nektos = “swimming”
• Nekton are all animals capable of moving
independently of the ocean currents by
swimming or other means of propulsion
• Examples:
–
–
–
–
Most adult fish
Squid
Marine mammals
Marine reptiles
• More abundant near continents and islands, and
in colder waters
Your brainstorm list
• Were there any nekton your list?
• Write those nekton on post-its to add to our
ocean wall
Benthos
• Benthos = “bottom”
• Benthos are organisms that live on or in the
ocean bottom
• Most live in shallow coastal areas
– Algae living on the ocean floor must be in shallow
areas where sunlight reaches
• In deeper parts of the ocean no photosynthesis
can occur- the ocean is cold, dark, and still:
animals MUST feed on each other
Pictures of benthos
Your brainstorm list
• Were there any benthos your list?
• Write those benthos on post-its to add to our
ocean wall
Check In – Use complete sentences
1. In which ocean zone does sunlight
penetrate?
2. How are marine organisms classified?
3. Name the three categories of marine life.
4. Give an example of each type of marine life.
5. Explain why algae can only survive on the sea
floor when it’s shallow.
Blue Planet
• Complete the worksheet while watching Blue
Planet
Exit Ticket
1. Which of the following is a type of nekton?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Zooplankton
Bacteria
Shark
Sea star
2. What term describes organisms that live on or in the
ocean floor?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Pelagic
Nekton
Plankton
Benthos
3. Organisms that drift with ocean currents are called __.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Nekton
Benthos
Plankton
Photic
Warm Up
1. In which zone of the ocean do plants live?
2. What term describes organisms that live on
or in the ocean floor?
3. Organisms that drift with ocean currents are
called what?
4. What is the name of the zone where sunlight
penetrates?
5. THINK: In what ways does water move in the
ocean?
Water Movement
Oceans Water Movement – Day 6
Objectives
• TODAY, I WILL BE ABLE TO:
• Identify the affects of waves on the shoreline.
• Describe how wind affects ocean water
movement.
• Identify patterns of ocean currents.
Key Points
• A wave is visible evidence of energy passing through water.
• The sawing and grinding action of rock fragments in the water is
called abrasion.
• Beach nourishment decreases beach erosion without the
construction of protective structures.
• Beach nourishment, groins and seawalls are designed to prevent or
slow shoreline erosion.
• The energy that drives surface ocean currents comes from wind.
• Friction is involved in the development of surface currents.
• The Coriolis effect causes surface ocean currents to be deflected.
• The rising of cold water from deeper layers to replace warmer
surface water is called upwelling.
• Ocean currents that move toward the poles are warm.
• An ocean current that is moving toward the equator is cold.
Types of Water Movement
• There are three general types of ocean water
movement:
1. Waves
2. Surface currents
3. Deep-Ocean currents
• Each plays a different role in the movement of
water in the oceans.
Waves
• When you go to the beach, what is one of the
first things that you notice?
• WIND!
• It’s always windy by the ocean! Did you know
that…
• Let’s take a closer look.
• A wave is visible evidence of energy passing
through water.
Waves
• Waves are continuously beating against the
shoreline.
• This continuous motion will cause the
shoreline to change shape over time.
• The sawing and grinding action of rock
fragments in the water is called abrasion.
• Abrasion creates all sorts of geological
structures along the shoreline.
Waves
Shoreline abrasion has the power to smooth rocks.
Waves
Shoreline abrasion has created this sandstone cliff
off the coast of British Columbia.
Waves
Shoreline abrasion has created this sandstone cliff
off the coast of British Columbia.
A Sea Arch formed by abrasion and erosion.
Waves
• In some areas, like the Outer Banks of North
Carolina, work is being done to protect the
shoreline and keep it from being eroded.
• Three protective structures that protect a
shoreline from erosion are: beach nourishment,
groins and seawalls.
• Why would it be
important to protect
shorelines like the
Outer Banks?
Waves
• Beach nourishment is the addition of large
quantities of sand to the beach system.
• Beach nourishment decreases beach erosion
without the construction of protective
structures.
Why would beach
nourishment be
important in an area
like this?
Waves
• Groins are barriers built to trap sand to keep
the shoreline from losing sand.
Waves
• A Seawall is a wall built to shield the coast and
defend property from breaking waves.
Surface Currents
• Surface currents are movements of water that
flow horizontally on the surface of the ocean.
• Like with waves, the energy that drives surface
ocean currents comes from wind.
• Friction is also involved in the development of
surface currents.
– Remember the video from earlier? The same
concept applies.
Surface Currents Map
What do you notice about the current pattern in the northern hemisphere?
What do you notice about the current pattern in the southern hemisphere?
Surface Currents
• Because of the earth’s rotation, currents are
deflected to the RIGHT in the Northern
Hemisphere and to the LEFT in the Southern
Hemisphere.
• This is known as the Coriolis effect.
• BOTTOM LINE: The Coriolis effect causes
surface ocean currents to be deflected.
Surface Currents
• Wind can also cause vertical water
movements.
• Upwelling is the rising of cold water from
deeper layers to replace warmer surface
water.
Surface Currents
• Upwelling brings greater concentrations of
dissolved nutrients, such as nitrates and
phosphates, to the ocean surface.
• The importance of upwelling.
Deep Ocean Currents
In which direction do the warm currents flow?
What about the cold currents?
Deep-Ocean Currents
• Ocean currents that move toward the poles are warm.
• An ocean current that is moving toward the equator is
cold.
• Video showing ocean currents.
• Why is the water moving towards the equator cold?
Where does it become cold?
• It becomes cold when the current moves deeper under
the water. Colder water is denser.
• What about the warm water?
• It warms up when the current brings it up to the surface.
This happens around the equator because of exposure to
sun.
Check In – Use complete sentences
• What is the visible evidence of energy passing through
water?
• Define abrasion. How does abrasion shape the coast?
• List the 3 ways beach erosion can be decreased. Which of
those doesn’t involve constructing (building) anything?
• Where does the energy come from that drives surface
ocean currents?
• Which FORCE is involved in the development of surface
currents?
• What temperature are the currents that move towards the
poles? What about the currents that move towards the
equator?
• What causes surface ocean currents to be deflected?
Putting it all together
• Take a look at how salinity, density and
temperature affect the ocean currents.
• Here!
You be the expert!
• I will assign each of you a team number.
• On the back of your notes, write your team
number in the designated spot.
• Now, look at your team number and write
down what YOU are going to be the expert on
today…
You be the expert
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Coriolis Effect
Upwelling
Waves
Shoreline abrasion
Shoreline protection
Cape Hatteras
Deep-Ocean Currents
You be the expert
First, read on your own in your books about your subject area.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Coriolis Effect – pg. 449
Upwelling – pg. 450-451
Waves – pg. 455-456
Shoreline abrasion – pg. 463-464
Shoreline protection – pg. 466-467
Cape Hatteras – pg. ES 32
Deep-Ocean Currents – pg. 451-453
As you read, write down at least 5 key points.
If you have time, draw a simple diagram of your subject area in the
space provided.
You be the expert
• When I tell you to, with your groups
determine the 5 MOST IMPORTANT key
points.
• Write them down.
• This will be turned in to the teacher when
time has expired to share with the class.
You be the expert
• As I read about each subject, each of you is
required to write down ONE thing about each
subject that you feel is most important.
Exit Ticket
1. Name one thing that decreases beach erosion
without the construction of protective structures.
2. Ocean currents that move toward the poles are:
a. warm b. cold c. the same temperature d. pretty
3. What causes surface ocean currents to be deflected?
a. Deep currents b. the Coriolis effect
c. The earth’s rotation d. global winds
Study Guide
• Study guides are to be completed for
homework. We will work on them again on
Monday, so DO NOT LOSE THEM!
• They will be turned in TUESDAY for a grade!!