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Science 9|2012 Bly|Dhaliwal Name: _____________ Date: _____________ Unit A: Topic 3 DNA 3.1 DNA-Transmitter of Genetic Code 1. Offspring of a sexually reproducing species are not _____________________ identical to their parents. 2. Offspring resemble their parents because particular _____________________ are passed on from generation to generation. 3. Every multicellular organism on Earth contains a ______________________ for making a copy of itself in each of the body cells. 4. DNA is short for ________________________________. 5. Canadian scientist Oswald Avery confirmed that DNA was the material of _____________________. 6. _______________________ and _____________________________ unraveled the puzzle of the structure of DNA. 7. The arrangement of the four chemicals (G) ________________ , (C) _______________ , (A) _______________________ and (T) _________________________ form a code that cells can read. 8. The __________________________ is based on arranging the four chemical ‘letters’ into instructions that describe how to make a particular organism. 9. DNA contains all the instructions for an organism’s _____________________________. 10. Organisms arrange their DNA into packages called ______________________________. 11. All of our nuclei, except for those in the _______________________, must have a complete set of chromosomes. 12. In most organisms the chromosomes are arranged into ___________________. 13. Chromosome number ______________ from one species to another. 14. A single gene is an ____________________________________ of DNA, which contains coded instructions. 15. Researchers found that: ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 16. Offspring inherit ___________________ from both parents. 17. Most genes exist in an array of possible forms called ___________________ that differ as to their exact DNA sequence. 1 Science 9|2012 Bly|Dhaliwal 3.2 Cell Division 1. In binary fission, each cell divides __________________________. 2. In order to avoid each new cell having only half of the DNA, the cell must first _______________________________________________________________________. 3. In multicellular organisms, the process that produces two new cells with the same number of chromosomes is called _____________________________. Draw a diagram to illustrate this type of cell division. Parent cell makes an exact copy of its DNA and each chromosome doubles. The cell divides and each cell gets one copy of the DNA. 4. ________________________ is a type of cell division that produces cells with only half of the DNA of a normal cell. Draw a diagram to illustrate this type of cell division. Parent cell makes an exact copy of its DNA and each chromosome doubles First cell division occurs with the result of 2 cells. Second cell division occurs with the result of 4 cells with ½ of the chromosomes of the parent. 5. Meiosis involves __________ cell divisions to produce only one copy of each chromosome. 6. Complete the Give it a Try activity on page 48. 2 Science 9|2012 Bly|Dhaliwal 3.3 Patterns of Inheritance 1. Characteristics are called ______________________. 2. The term _______________________________ refers to organisms which have lineages all with the same form of a trait. 3. A _________________________ results when two individuals breed but they differ in a trait. 4. A ________________________ trait is the outward form observed when two oppositeacting alleles are inherited. 5. The _______________________ trait appears in the offspring only if two of these alleles are inherited. 6. _______________________________ occur when neither alleles is truly dominant or recessive. 7. For hair color, eye color and skin color, many gene ___________________ and several possible ___________________ may be involved. 8. While genes play a vital role in determining development, the action of the genes is greatly influenced by the ______________________________ in which the offspring develops. 9. We have a special chart called a Punnet Square that can help us to predict what trait the offspring of the parents will have. Example: Pure dominant male and a hybrid female D D Male Gametes D D DD DD Dd Dd Hybrid male and hybrid female Male Gametes 3 Science 9|2012 Bly|Dhaliwal 10. Hamster’s color is represented by the letter, B. B is dominant and represents a brown hamster; b is recessive and represents a white hamster. For each of the following situation fill in the punnet square, and predict the number of brown and the number of white hamsters. Cross between a hybrid father and a pure recessive mother. Cross between a pure dominant father and a hybrid mother. Cross between a hybrid mother and a hybrid father. Cross between a pure dominant father and a pure recessive mother. 4