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1. Which of the following is necessary if you are going to do science?
A. You must be able to manipulate the experimental system
B. You must be able to quantify something
C. You must use the comparative method
D. You must be able to develop a mathematical model
E. None of the above
2. A hypothesis is
A. A proposed explanation
B. A systematic thought process
C. A conclusion based on an experiment
D. An awareness of some phenomenon in nature
E. All of the above
3. Which of the following can be a source of error?
A. Small sample size
B. The precision of your measurements
C. Differences among individuals within a treatment group
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
4. Which of the following are included in Mendel's genetic principles?
A. Traits with multiple alleles
B. Quantitative traits
C. Dominant traits
D. Lethal recessives
E. All of the above
5. The physical location of a particular gene is
A. A locus
B. An allele
C. A genotype
D. A karyotype
E. None of the above
6. Dominant alleles
A. Are always more abundant that recessives
B. Are expressed more often than recessives
C. Are homozygous when paired with dominant alleles
D. Mask the effect of recessive alleles
E. All of the above
7. Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes. Two brown eyed parents have a blue-eyed
child. This means:
A. Both parents are homozygous
B. Both parents are heterozygous
C. One parent is homozygous and theother is heterozygous
D. None of the above is true
E. You cannot tell the parents' genotypes given these data
8. DNA
A. Stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid
B. Contains information for making proteins
C. Is what genes are made of
D. Is not always copied perfectly
E. All of the above
9. If two strands of DNA are identical, they are most likely to be
A. Homologues before crossing over
B. Homologues after crossing over
C. Homologues during mitosis
D. Sister chromatids before crossing over
E. Sister chromatids after crossing over
10. Which of the following is not an assumption of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
A. There is no recombination
B. There is no immigration
C. All genotypes survive and reproduce equally well
D. The population is large
E. Mating is random
11. I have two daughters already. If my wife and I have another child,
A. It is more likely to be a boy than it is to be a girl
B. It is more likely to be a girl than it is to be a boy
C. It is as likely to be a boy as it is to be a girl
D. We would have to wait until it is born to calculate such probabilities
E. There is not enough information to choose a best answer for this question.
12. Which of the following are produced by mitosis?
A. Eggs
B. Sperm
C. Polar bodies
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
13. Which of the following must you do before you can reproduce sexually?
A. Shave
B. Shower
C. Push-ups
D. Meiosis
E. Mitosis
14. True-breeding individuals must be
A. In love
B. Honest
C. Homozygous
D. Heterozygous
E. Recessive
15. According to Lamarck's hypothesis, giraffes have long necks
A. Because of natural selection
B. Because they inherited their parents' stretched necks
C. Because they were created that way by God
D. Because of mutations
E. All of the above
16. The ultimate source of all new alleles is
A. Adaptation
B. Natural Selection
C. Gene flow
D. Genetic Drift
E. Mutation
Fill in the blank:
For what types of crosses do you typically observe the following phenotypic ratios?
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
3:1 ___________________________________
9:3:3:1 ________________________________
2:1 ___________________________________
1:2:1__________________________________
1:1:1:1 ________________________________
Compare and Contrast:
22. Experimental science and the comparative method
23. Mitosis and meiosis
24. Haploid and diploid
25. Gene flow and genetic drift
26. Founder effect and genetic bottlebeck
Problems
27. Walruses need to eat 100 adult clams a day to survive and grow. These clams are
only found in water between 1 and 5 meters deep. One m2 of this sea floor yields adult
clams at the rate of 5 clams per day. There are 120,000 m2 of water this depth on Andy's
Walrus Refuge. How many walruses can this refuge support?
28. Shape in dragons is controlled by 2 codominant alleles: L = long and L = round.
Combinations of these alleles produce the following phenotypes: LL = long, LL = oval
and LL = round. Color in dragons is controlled on a different autosome which has 2
codominant alleles: R = red and R = white. Combinations of these alleles produce the
following phenotypes: RR = red, RR = purple and RR = white. Dragon height is
controlled by a sex linked gene in which short (T) is dominant over tall (t).
a) In a mating between a long, purple, tall female and a round, red, short male, what is
the probability of producing an oval, purple, short female?
b) In a mating between a long, white, short (heterozygous) female and an oval, purple,
short male, what is the probability of producing an oval, purple, short dragon?
c) What proportion of these oval, purple, short dragons will be heterozygous at each
gene?
29. Assume that the "A" locus and the "B" locus are linked -- so tightly linked that there
is no observed crossing over. Begin with a Parental generation cross between an AABB
individual and an aabb individual. What are the expected genotypic ratios in the F1 and
F2 generations? You will want to diagram the products of meiosis I and II for each
individual in order to get this one right. Which, if any, of Mendels laws does this
example illustrate and which, if any, does it violate?
30. In a sample of 10000 randomly chosen people in Iowa, you find 8 % of males and
0.1% of females have sex-linked red-green color-blindness of the type we discussed in
class. Calculate the expected allelic, genotypic, and phenotypic frequencies for the genes
involved with color blindness in this population. Be sure to state all assumptions you
make.
Essays
31. Evolution and adaptation are properties of living things. Explain how some of the
other properties of living thing, when considered together, result in evolution and
adaptation to the environment.
32. What ideas did each of the following authors contribute that helped lead Darwin to
develop his theory of evolution by natural selection?
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck, Carolus Linnaeaus, Charles Lyell, and Thomas Malthus
33. Your lab partner tells you that I said birds' wings and bats' wings were homologous
structures, but your other lab partner tells you I said birds wings and bats wings were
convergent structures. Can they both be right? Explain why or why not.
Extra credit:
34. Calico cats are never male because: (2 points)
A. Recessive genes are not expressed on their single X chromosome
B. Male hormones prevent expression of the calico phenotype
C. Two X chromosomes are needed for the expression of the calico phenotype
D. They have too many Barr bodies
E. The Y chromosome is dominant over the calico allele
35. Which of the following would be least likely to leave a fossil? (2 points)
A. An individual with an exoskeleton
B. An individual with an endoskeleton
C. An individual living in the ocean
D. An individual living in a lake
E. An individual living in a tropical rain forest
36. True or False? Mutations in somatic cells are passed on to the next generation. (1
point)