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Digestion Clip by Brainpop Digestion is the process of breaking food into small molecules so that they can be used by the body. Nutrients… • Are substances in food that provide energy and materials for cell development, growth, and repair. TWO TYPES OF DIGESTION • Mechanical or Physical: breaking food down by cutting, chewing and grinding. • Chemical: breaking food into small molecules through chemical reactions with enzymes. Enzymes Enzymes are molecules that speed up the rate of chemical reactions They do this without being changed or used up. Enzymes also speed up reactions by reducing amount of energy necessary for a chemical change to begin. Digestive Enzymes are: AMYLASE is an enzyme secreted in the mouth. This enzyme breaks down carbohydrates. (starches) PEPSIN, found in the stomach, causes complex proteins to break down into less complex proteins. Enzymes are also responsible for MANY chemical reactions in your body---not just the ones involved in digestion! The Digestive System Purpose: to convert food particles into simpler molecules that can be absorbed into bloodstream and used by the body Major Organs : The Alimentary Canal Mouth Esophagus Organs that the food will pass Stomach Small intestine Large intestine through Helper Organs Pancreas – Liver – Gallbladder – Your Digestive System Mouth: Begins chemical & mechanical digestion, glands in mouth produce saliva, which contains amylase, which breaks down starch MOUTH Your Digestive System Esophagus: muscular tube that connects throat to stomach. Moves food down by squeezing (peristalsis) ESOPHAGUS Your Digestive System Stomach: muscular bag where chemical and mechanical digestion continue; food stays here ~4 hours, changes to chyme a thick oatmeal like liquid. STOMACH Small Intestine: tube nearly 7 meters long where digestive juices from liver and pancreas are added; villi absorb molecules from chyme All digestion is completed here. Small Intestine Pancreas: a small organ that produces substances that stop the action of stomach acid, makes enzymes that break down carbohydrates HELPER ORGANS PANCREAS Helper organs Liver: produces bile, which is stored in gall bladder. Bile breaks up large particles of fats into smaller particles. fat Fat droplets Helper organs Gall Bladder: small sac that stores bile produced by liver Your Digestive System Large Intestine: absorbs water from undigested food, where unabsorbed materials become more solid Your Digestive System Rectum: where solid wastes (feces) are stored. ANUS: muscles control the release of solid wastes from the body RECTUM ALIMENTARY CANAL HELPER ORGANS 1) MOUTH 2) ESOPHAGUS LIVER GALL BLADDER 3) STOMACH PANCREAS 5) LG. INTESTINE 4) SMALL INTESTINE 6) RECTUM Digestive System Clip by Brainpop • • • • • Go to brainpop.com. Log in pobms Password = brainpop View the Digestive System Clip by Brainpop Answer the questions