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AP Biology
Heterotrophic Nutrition and Cellular Respiration
Chap 39 and 6 - Reading Guide
Chapters 39 and 6
Heterotrophic Nutrition, Digestion, and Cellular Respiration
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CHAPTER 39 – We will focus more on Sections 39.1 – 39.3
1. What is a heterotroph? What do hetertrophs obtain from food?
2. Define BMR.
3. What is the only animal to exhibit intracellular digestion?
4. What is the function of a digestive system?
5. Which animals exhibit a simple gastrovascular cavity? Define gastrovascular cavity.
6. Why is it possible for some animals to have a simple gastrovascular cavity rather than a complete
digestive tract with separate circulatory system?
7. What is the purpose of villi and microvilli in the small intestine?
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AP Biology
Heterotrophic Nutrition and Cellular Respiration
Chap 39 and 6 - Reading Guide
8. List the major digestive enzymes of humans, the substrates they act on, and where they are located
within the human digestive system.
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AP Biology
Heterotrophic Nutrition and Cellular Respiration
Chap 39 and 6 - Reading Guide
Chapter 6 QUESTIONS – Overview of Cell Respiration
1. What is the overall equation for cellular respiration?
2. What happens to the amount of potential energy of electrons as they shift from carbon and
hydrogen toward oxygen in cellular respiration?
3. What are the functions of NAD+ and FAD in cellular respiration?
4. Contrast the following:
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
Oxidative Phosphorylation
5. Define chemiosmosis. Review the principles of chemiosmosis and the concept of the proton motive
force.
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AP Biology
Heterotrophic Nutrition and Cellular Respiration
Chap 39 and 6 - Reading Guide
6. Describe the four phases of cellular respiration and include the location within the cell they occur:
Glycolysis
Pyruvate
Oxidation
Citric Acid
Cycle
Electron
Transport Chain
Description:
Description:
Description:
Description:
Location:
Location:
Location:
Location:
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AP Biology
Heterotrophic Nutrition and Cellular Respiration
Chap 39 and 6 - Reading Guide
Glycolysis Summary
ENERGY INVESTMENT
ENERGY YIELDING
IN
OUT
7. Why is glycolysis considered anaerobic?
8. What happens to pyruvate if oxygen is not available?
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AP Biology
Heterotrophic Nutrition and Cellular Respiration
Chap 39 and 6 - Reading Guide
The Citric Acid Cycle – Acetyl CoA Prep
9. Where does this reaction occur?
10. Write the detailed reaction for the Preparatory Reaction below:
ACETYL COA PREP PER PYRUVATE
IN
OUT
ACETYL COA PREP PER GLUCOSE
IN
OUT
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AP Biology
Heterotrophic Nutrition and Cellular Respiration
Chap 39 and 6 - Reading Guide
Citric Acid Cycle
CITRIC ACID CYCLE SUMMARY PER PYRUVATE
IN
OUT
CITRIC ACID CYCLE SUMMARY PER GLUCOSE
IN
OUT
11. Complete the following chart by providing the number of each molecule produced per glucose
molecule.
MOLECULE
# PRODUCED PER
MOLECULE
GLUCOSE
# PRODUCED PER
GLUCOSE
NADH
ATP
CO2
FADH2
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AP Biology
Heterotrophic Nutrition and Cellular Respiration
Chap 39 and 6 - Reading Guide
Electron Transport Chain
12. What are the reactants and products of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation?
REACTANTS
PRODUCTS
13. As electrons are transported through the electron transport chain to oxygen, they lose potential
energy. This energy is used to do what work?
Fermentation
INPUTS
OUTPUTS
14. Compared to aerobic respiration, how efficient is fermentation?
15. Where does the majority of potential energy of glucose reside after fermentation?
16. Under what condition(s) does fermentation occur?
17. Describe what happens during lactic acid fermentation.
18. Why is replenishing NAD+ crucial to cellular metabolism?
19. Summarize the total energy yield from glucose in human cells in the presence versus the absence
of O2.
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AP Biology
Heterotrophic Nutrition and Cellular Respiration
Chap 39 and 6 - Reading Guide
Metabolic Pool
Define:
CATABOLISM
ANABOLISM
20. Most commonly glucose is represented as the molecule broken down in the respiration equation.
Does this mean that glucose is the only source of energy in cellular respiration? Explain.
21. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can all be used fuel for cellular respiration. Trace the path of
each of these food groups from the point of digestion in the intestines to where and in what form
they enter cellular respiration.
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
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