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Chemistry Objective: Discuss chemical elements, compounds, reactions, formulas and equations Chemistry Vocab • Take 15 minutes to look up the definition for the following terms! 1. Chemical 2. Chemistry 3. Matter 4. Mass 5. Volume 6. Energy Chemistry Vocab 1. Chemical: a substance produced by or used in a chemical process 2. Chemistry: the study of the composition of matter and the energy created by the interaction of matter 3. Matter: anything that has mass & volume 4. Mass: quantity of matter in an object often determined by weighing with a scale 5. Volume: something occupies space 6. Energy: ability to do work or cause change Types of Energy 1. Potential- energy of matter because of its position or compositions; It is stored in the matter. 2. Kinetic- energy of an object in motion. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vl4g7T5gw1M States of Matter 1. Solid- has definite shape & volume 2. Liquid- has definite volume and takes the shape of its container 3. Gaseous- has neither a definite shape or volume; can expand & contract & move around States of Matter Why States of Matter Change • Matter may change from one state to another • Usually relates to temperature & pressure • The properties do not change Properties of Matter • Property- a characteristic or feature that makes it possible to distinguish between kinds of matter • Physical Property- a characteristic that can be observed without altering the matter • Mass, color, shape, length • Chemical Property- a characteristic that describes the changes matter goes through when its identity is altered to create substances in different forms • Burning wood Classification of Matter • Pure substances- matter that has uniform and consistent composition and properties from one sample to another • Ex) salt & sugar • Mixtures- combination of 2+ different kinds of matter, and it is not definite in proportions of its contents • Solution- a homogenous (uniform) mix. Can be solid or gas. • Suspension- when particles are dispersed (mixed) in a fluid medium. Ex) Water in a stream. Chemistry 101 • Elements form compounds • Pure substances are either elements or compounds • Elements do not decompose • An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances • Examples: Gold, silver, iron Chemical Elements: The Ingredients of Matter • Element: a substance consisting entirely of atoms of the same atomic number • Everything on earth is made of chemical elements • 114 chemical elements have been identified • 92 are natural elements found on Earth • The rest are made in a lab Chemical Elements • All elements have a name • All elements have a symbol • Most are either 1 or 2 letters • Some officially unnamed have 3 letters • Letters are often letters from English spelling of the word • Examples: AL for Aluminum C for Carbon N for Nitrogen • Some are from Latin O for Oxygen • Examples: Ag for Silver; old name was argentum K for Potassium Fe for Iron Chemical Elements • Elements are grouped in the Periodic Table • Periodic Table is an arrangement of chemical elements in the order of increasing atomic numbers • It is in rows and columns • Take a look at the Periodic Table, how is it organized? Types of Elements • Metals-an element with metallic luster • • • Can be shaped Are electrical conductors Ex) Iron, Aluminum, & Copper • Nonmetals- an element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity • • Ex) Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, & Sulfur 11 elements classified as nonmetallic • Metalloids- elements between metals and nonmetals both in the periodic table and in properties • • Ex) Arsenic 6 elements classified as metalloids • Noble Gases- do not normally react with other elements • Ex) Neon & helium • 6 elements are classified as noble gases Atoms • Atom: smallest part of an element that can take part in a reaction • Atomic structure: the arrangement of the parts of atoms • Atomic number: the number of protons in the nucleus • Atomic mass: the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom Chemical Reactions • What occurs when a substance becomes another substance with different characteristics • Types of Reactions: • Composition- when 2+ substances react to form a more complex product • Decomposition- when chemical compounds break down • Single Replacement- when 1 element replaces another in a compound • Double Replacement- when 2 compounds exchange elements Chemical Reactions • Compounds- form when 2+ elements unite to form a substance with qualities different from the elements alone • Chemical bonding- 2+ elements joining together to form a compound • Molecule- the smallest amount of a substance that can exist independently and keep the properties of the substance • Ex) Water= 2 hydrogen atoms & 1 oxygen atom Chemical Reactions • Learn a little more from Bill Nye! http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xlp2y1_billnye-chemical-reactions_tech#.URez2lrjk3I • Write down 15 interesting facts as you learn from Bill Nye the science guy! Formulas & Equations • Chemical formula- the combination of chemical symbols and numbers that depict a compound • A chemical equation shows the element symbols and formulas, the reactants, and the products of a chemical reaction. • Ex) The equation of photosynthesis