Download Aerobic Respiration

Respiration
Glycolysis | Aerobic Respiration | Anaerobic Respiration
Respiration
Learning Objectives
• Explain the release of energy through glycolysis
• Describe the main steps of aerobic respiration
• Differentiate between the two main types of anaerobic
respiration
• Compare and contrast the different forms of aerobic and
anaerobic respiration
Respiration
Respiration takes place in
three main stages:
Glycolysis
(anaerobic)
Krebs cycle
(aerobic)
Electron Transport
Chain (aerobic)
ATP
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm
________,
but the Krebs cycle, and electron
transport chain occurs in the
____________.
mitochondria
Glycolysis
occurs in the
cytoplasm.
The Krebs
cycle and the
electron
transport
chain occur in
the
mitochondria.
Definition:
Glycolysis is the process in
which one molecule of glucose
is broken down to produce two
molecules of pyruvic acid.
Glucose
2 molecules pyruvic acid
Glycolysis
• Glycolysis – breaks down
glucose into two
molecules of pyruvic acid
– Products: 2 pyruvate, 2
ATP, and 2 NADH
– Occurs in cytosol with or
without oxygen
There are 2 types of
respiration:
Aerobic Respiration
• Aerobic respiration – the process of breaking down
glucose to yield a maximum amount of ATP that takes
place in the presence of oxygen
– Generates 36-38 ATP
• Citric acid cycle – a series of eight reactions that further
breaks down the
end product of
glycolysis (acetyl
CoA) to carbon
dioxide
Aerobic Respiration
• Citric acid cycle
– Occurs in mitochondria
– Pyruvate from glycolysis is converted to acetyl CoA before
entering cycle
– Cycle turns twice per glucose molecule
• One turn per acetyl CoA
– Each turn produces:
•
•
•
•
2 CO2
2 NADH
1 FADH2
1 ATP
Aerobic Respiration
• Electron transport chain
– NADH and FADH2
donate electrons
Phosphate group is added
to ADP and makes ATP.
Aerobic Respiration
Fermentation occurs when:
oxygen is not present.
Since no oxygen is required,
anaerobic
fermentation is an __________
process.
The anaerobic pathways are not very efficient in
glucose to _____.
ATP
transferring energy from ________
Fermentation will
yield only a gain of
2 ATP per
_______
glucose
molecule of ______.
There are two main types of fermentation:
Alcoholic fermentation 
Lactic acid fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation
_______
Yeasts perform alcoholic fermentation.
Yeasts convert _____________
pyruvic acid into
______________
_______.
ethyl alcohol when they run out of oxygen
Yeasts are used to make breads and alcohol.
The Steps of Alcoholic Fermentation
Glycolysis
Pyruvic acid
Glucose
2 ATP
Ethyl alcohol
CO2
Yeasts are used in this way in both the ________
alcohol and the _______
baking
industries.
The alcohol makes alcoholic beverages.
carbon dioxide that is given off causes bread dough to _____.
rise
The ______________
Small bubbles are formed in the dough, making the bread rise.
(The alcohol evaporates during the baking process.)
The Steps of Lactic Acid Fermentation
Glycolysis
Glucose
Pyruvic acid
Lactic acid
2 ATP
acid by _______
muscle cells when
Pyruvic acid is converted to lactic
____________
_________
there is a shortage of ________.
oxygen
It is produced in muscle cells during strenuous exercise because the
muscles are using up the _______
oxygen that is present and the body is not
supplying the muscle tissue with enough additional oxygen.
This causes _____________
severe cramps because it
pH of the muscle and reduces the
lowers the ___
contract
muscle’s ability to ________.
returns to the muscles, the
When oxygen _______
lactic acid will be converted back to
__________
pyruvic acid
____________.
The pyruvic acid will then
go into _______
aerobic respiration.
A wide variety of foods are produced by
bacteria using lactic acid fermentation:
cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, sour cream,
pickles, sauerkraut.
Anaerobic Respiration
• Lactic acid fermentation
– the type of
fermentation in which
lactic acid is produced
Lactic acid fermentation
• Alcoholic fermentation –
a type of fermentation in
which ethanol and carbon
dioxide are produced
Alcoholic fermentation
Respiration Comparison
Reaction
Glycolysis
Aerobic
respiration
Lactic acid
fermentation
Alcoholic
fermentation
Reactants
Products
Net
Energy
Gain
2 ATP
Location
Glucose
Pyruvate
Cytoplasm
Pyruvate,
oxygen
Water,
34 or 36 ATP Mitochondria
carbon dioxide
Pyruvate
Lactic acid
None
Cytoplasm
Pyruvate
Alcohol
None
(ethanol),
carbon dioxide
Cytoplasm
Respiration
Learning Objectives
• Explain the release of energy through glycolysis
• Describe the main steps of aerobic respiration
• Differentiate between the two main types of anaerobic
respiration
• Compare and contrast the different forms of aerobic and
anaerobic respiration