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Immune System Practice Questions 1. T lymphocytes mature in the ________. A) spleen C) thymus B) red bone marrow D) thyroid 2. Immunity is the ability of the body to defend itself against ________. A) infectious agents including bacteria and viruses B) foreign cells C) cancer cells D) all of the above 3. The nonspecific defenses are ___________. A) barriers to entry, the inflammatory reaction, natural killer cells, and protective proteins B) antibodies, antigens, and antimatter C) the spleen and thymus D) allergies, edema and regurgitation 4. Barriers to entry of microbes include __________. A) oil skin secretions and stomach acids B) normal harmless bacteria that prevent pathogens from taking up residence C) mucous membranes that line the respiratory, digestive and urinary tracts D) skin that lines the outer surface of the body E) all of the above help bar entry by microbes 5. The stomach has a basic pH inhibiting growth of bacteria. A) True B) False 6. The ________ reaction is a series of events occurring whenever the skin is broken due to a minor injury. A) allergic D) inflammatory B) antibody E) suppressor Tcell C) complement fixation 7. Any break in the skin can allow microbes to enter the body. A) True B) False 8. How can neutrophils and monocytes reach an infection site from the bloodstream? A) the blood vessels rupture at a site of infection B) neutrophils and monocytes are amoeboid and can pass through capillary walls C) they are small and diffuse across membranes just like food and gas molecules. D) they move upstream in the lymph system E) the portable T lymphocyte differentiates into neutrophils and monocytes when it arrives at the site of infection 9. What can happen to a bacterium that crosses the skin barrier and enters tissues? A) Histamine will poison bacteria. B) Neutrophils phagocytize the bacteria. C) Bacteria liberate a growth factor that in turn increases the numbers of white blood cells that attack bacteria. D) All human tissues reject the bacterium and destroy it with lysosomes. 10. When monocytes leave the bloodstream, they differentiate into ________. A) complement proteins D) macrophages B) antibodies E) suppressor Tcells C) interferon 11. Some tissues have ______ that routinely act as scavengers, devouring old blood cells and other debris. A) resident macrophages C) backup neutrophils B) suppressor Tcells D) complimentary Bcells 12. Pus indicates that ______________. A) body tissues are dying C) too much lymph has built up B) the body is trying to overcome D) the inflammatory response has failed to infection defend against bacterial invasion 13. Complement is activated when ________ . A) the inflammatory response has failed to defend against bacterial invasion B) antibodies have failed to defend against bacterial invasion C) microbes enter the body D) interferon is produced by viruses 14. Complement proteins bind to the surface of microbes already coated with antibodies, and release chemicals that attract phagocytes to the scene. A) True B) False 15. A virus-infected cell produces and secretes _______. A) allergin D) complement B) antigen E) interferon C) antibody 16. A/an ________ is usually a protein or polysaccharide chain of a glycoprotein molecule that the body recognizes as "nonself." A) allergen D) complement B) antigen E) interferon C) antibody 17. The immune system is chemically able to tell "self" from "nonself" based on a lock-and-key receptor-antigen fit. A) True B) False 18. B lymphocytes mature in the bloodstream. A) True B) False 19. B cells give rise to plasma cells which produce ________. A) allergin D) complement B) antigen E) interferon C) antibody 20. Antibodies bind with antigens in a lock-and-key manner. A) True B) False 21. T cells produce antibodies. A) True B) False 22. Certain T cells attack and destroy antigen-bearing cells. A) True B) False 23. A plasma cell is a mature B cell that mass produces ________. A) allergens D) complement B) antigens E) interferon C) antibodies 24. A B cell does not clone until its antigen is present. A) True B) False 25. When B cells undergo clonal expansion, they produce plasma cells and memory B cells. A) True B) False 26. Defense by T cells is called antibody-mediated immunity. A) True B) False 27. Humoral immunity is so called because antibodies are present in the ________. A) tissues D) upper arm bone or "humerus" B) red blood cells E) cranium C) blood and lymph 28. The most common type of antibody is a protein molecule with two arms. A) True B) False 29. There is/are ________ main types of T cell(s). A) one D) four B) two E) five C) three 30. Which of the following is NOT a type of T cell? A) cytotoxic T cells C) memory T cells B) helper T cells D) plasma T cell 31. Cytotoxic T cells attack and destroy ________. A) bacteria C) cells that produce toxins or poisons B) viruses D) antigen-bearing cells 32. Cytotoxic T cells have storage vacuoles containing ___________. A) antibodies C) complement B) perforin molecules D) IgG 33. Perforin molecules function to ________. A) perforate a cell membrane B) stimulate production of complement C) trigger production of interferon D) label a cell for attack by cytotoxic T cells 34. Perforin molecules form holes in plasma membranes, allowing _________. A) water and salt to enter a cell B) vital cell contents to leak out C) macrophages to phagocytize cells D) IgG to bind with foreign proteins 35. ________ T cells are the only T cells involved in cell-mediated immunity. A) Cytotoxic C) Memory B) Helper D) Suppressor 36. HIV that causes AIDS infects _______. A) helper T cells C) suppressor T cells B) cytotoxic T cells D) memory T cells 37. Helper T cells regulate immunity by increasing the response of other immune cells. A) True B) False 38. When exposed to an antigen, helper T cells enlarge and secrete messenger molecules called ________. A) antibodies D) IgG B) perforin E) cytokines C) complement 39. Cytokines _________. A) stimulate white blood cell formation B) trigger inflammation C) depress antibody production D) make the body more susceptible to cancer 40. ________ are antibodies of one specific type, all produced by plasma cells derived from the same B cell, and capable of identifying unique cells and infectious agents. A) Lymphokines D) Antibody-mediated immunity B) Inflammatory reactions E) Monoclonal antibodies C) Complement fixations 41. With the human ABO blood types in the below transfusions, which person would safely receive blood lacking foreign antigens? A) a type A person received type B blood B) a type B person received type A blood C) a type O person received type B blood D) a type A person received type AB blood E) a type A person received type O blood 42. Why is hemolytic disease of the newborn (Rh conflict) described as a likely problem only when the mother is Rh negative and the father is Rh positive? A) a type Rh negative father is not possible since it is sex-linked B) the type Rh negative is so rare that Rh negative fathers are too uncommon C) a type Rh negative fetus in an Rh positive mother does not expose the mother to any new antigens and therefore does not trigger any immune response D) this was just the way the textbook gave the possible example and the reverse situation is just as much a problem 43. When an immune system overreacts to an antigen or forms antibodies to substances that are usually NOT recognized as foreign, it results in _______. A) immune deficiency disease D) edema B) allergic response E) hemolytic disease C) autoimmune disease 44. Thanks to new biotechnology, there are now cures for all autoimmune diseases. A) True B) False 1. C 39. A 2. D 40. E 3. A 41. E 4. E 42. C 5. B 43. B 6. D 44. B 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. D 11. A 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. E 16. B 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. A 21. B 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. D 32. B 33. A 34. A 35. A 36. A 37. A 38. E