Download 3.2 Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins

3.2
Carbohydrates,
Lipids, and
Proteins
Organic vs. Inorganic Compounds
• Molecules are either organic or inorganic
• All organic molecules contain Carbon, but not
everything with C is organic
Ex: carbon dioxide not organic
• We will discuss the following organic molecules
and their monomers:
–
–
–
–
Carbs and monosaccharides
Lipids and fatty acids/glycerol
Proteins and amino acids
Nucleic acids and nucleotides
Need to Know Structure:
1. Amino Acids
R group bonded to alpha carbon and varies to determine specific amino acid
Whiteboarding Activity
• Each team will be assigned one organic molecule to
research. On the whiteboard you need to state the
type of organic molecule (mono/di/poly?), the
function of it, and its role in animals or plants. You
may use the textbooks or computers. Ten minutes
and then we will do quick presentations.
1. Glucose 2. lactose
3. glycogen
4. fructose 5. galactose 6. maltose
7. sucrose
8. starch 9. cellulose 10. ribose
To Review:
Type of Carbohydrate
Monosaccharides
Example Molecules
Glucose, galactose, fructose,
ribose
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Maltose, lactose, sucrose
Starch, glycogen, cellulose
To Review:
Molecule
Glucose
Role in Plants or Animals
Chemical fuel for cell respiration in
both plants and animals
Lactose
Milk sugar to provide nutrients to
mammal young
To be the stored form of glucose in your
liver and muscle cells (short term
energy)
Provide nutrients to plants
Used to transport and store energy in
plants
Primary component of plant cell walls
Glycogen
Fructose
Sucrose
Cellulose
Structures to Know:
Glucose
Fatty acids
Ribose
Hydrolysis Reactions
• Humans eat food, but our digestive system (with
enzymes) breaks food down into its smallest
molecules so that our bodies can transport them to
where they are needed
• Enzymes that break down polymers into monomers
are hydrolyzing enzymes:
– Ex: lactose + water  glucose + galactose
– Ex: starch + water(many)  glucose(many)
– Ex: triglyceride + 3 water  glycerol + 3 fatty acids
– Ex: protein + water(many)  amino acids(many)
Hydrolysis Reactions
Condensation/Dehydration Reactions
• Condensation reactions
– occur to re-form the larger molecules
– water is a product rather than a reactant
– require a different enzyme, one that is capable of
building covalent bonds rather than breaking them
– Ex: glucose + galactose  lactose + water
– Ex: glucose (many)  starch + water (many)
– Ex: glycerol + 3 fatty acids  triglyceride + 3 water
– Ex: amino acids (many)  protein + water (many)