Download Chem 231 Exam #1 Study Guide

Chem 231 Exam #2 Study Guide
* Please be aware that this is only a guide for studying. Don’t rely solely on this sheet!
The exam will take place in Oly204 from 6-7pm on Monday, November 6th. The exam will be
worth 50 pts and you will be given 1 hour. You will not be allowed to use any materials for the
exam. The exam will cover materials from Chapters 3-4. I will provide you with a copy of Table
3.1 (Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases). The exam will consist of a mixture of multiple choice
and short answer questions. Questions will be similar to the suggested homework problems from
the book and in-class activities.
In General:
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Be able to write conjugate acid and base pairs
Be able to write curved arrow notation for an acid-base reaction
Know the relationship of Ka and pKa
Be able to predict the outcome of an acid-base reaction
Know the bond strength effect and the electronegativity effect for acids and bases
Know how enthalpy, entropy, free energy and the equilibrium constant are related (Can you
predict acidity from free energy values?)
Be able to explain acidity based on resonance effects and inductive effects
Be able to predict order of acidity and bascity
Know how to name (systematic IUPAC system only) alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alkyl halides
and alcohols
Given a name, be able to draw the structure
Know how to draw (without models) different conformations of ethane and butane (eclipsed,
staggered) and predict their energies
Know how to draw Newman projections as well as wedge and dash drawings
Know how to draw (without models) different conformations of cyclohexane
Be able to distinguish between axial and equatorial positions on cyclohexane
Be able to fill in missing reactants, products or catalysts for hydrogenation of alkenes and
alkynes. Look at the general reaction.
Be able to fill in missing reactants, products or catalysts for the reduction of alkyl halides.
Look at the general reaction.
Be able to fill in missing reactants, products or catalysts for the alkylation of terminal
alkynes. Look at the general reaction.
Know the definition and meaning of the following terms:
Substitution
Addition
Elimination
Rearrangement
Reaction mechanism
Bronsted-Lowry theory
Conjugate base/conjugate acid
Lewis acid-base theory
Spectator ion
Carbocation
Carbanion
Nucleophile
Electrophile
Ka/pKa
Inductive effect
Electron withdrawing group
Potential energy
Kinetic energy
Enthalpy (∆H)
Entropy (∆S)
Free Energy (∆G)
Conformations
Conformational Analysis
Newman projection
Staggered conformation
Eclipsed conformation
Heat of Combustion
Ring strain
Steric hindrance
Equatorial position
Axial position
1,3-diaxial interaction
Hydrogenation
Reduction
Alkylation
* You do not need to know how to name bicyclic molecules (4.4B) or Retrosynthetic Analysis
(4.19A).