Late Transition Metal Amido Complexes: Electronic
... affording hydrido amine complexes.[14] This extensively studied reaction was later recognized as key step in ‘bifunctional’ hydrogenation catalysis, denoted initially as ‘N-H effect’ as well as ‘metal-ligand cooperative’ or ‘Noyori-Morris-type’ catalysis.[15,16] ...
... affording hydrido amine complexes.[14] This extensively studied reaction was later recognized as key step in ‘bifunctional’ hydrogenation catalysis, denoted initially as ‘N-H effect’ as well as ‘metal-ligand cooperative’ or ‘Noyori-Morris-type’ catalysis.[15,16] ...
SUPPORTED LIGANDS FOR METAL CATALYZED REACTIONS Rocío Marcos Escartín ISBN:
... Homogeneous metal catalysts are composed by a metal complex modified with organic ligands. Although the first non enzymatic asymmetric catalysts known were simple organic molecules,[1] the research regarding catalysis reached full development with metal-based systems, which have been predominant for ...
... Homogeneous metal catalysts are composed by a metal complex modified with organic ligands. Although the first non enzymatic asymmetric catalysts known were simple organic molecules,[1] the research regarding catalysis reached full development with metal-based systems, which have been predominant for ...
- University at Albany
... Recall that the amount of s character of sp, sp2, and sp3 hybrid orbitals is , and respectively. As the s character increases, so does the acidity. Therefore, acetylenic protons are relatively acidic, with a pKa of ~ 25. Acetylenic protons are more acidic than vinyl (pKa = 44) or alkane (pka = ...
... Recall that the amount of s character of sp, sp2, and sp3 hybrid orbitals is , and respectively. As the s character increases, so does the acidity. Therefore, acetylenic protons are relatively acidic, with a pKa of ~ 25. Acetylenic protons are more acidic than vinyl (pKa = 44) or alkane (pka = ...
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis
... More than the 50-year-long history of the Institute is a glowing example of fruitful interaction between fundamental science and industry and of the profound realization that solving scientific problems should be aimed at some practical result. The accomplishments of the Institute embody its origina ...
... More than the 50-year-long history of the Institute is a glowing example of fruitful interaction between fundamental science and industry and of the profound realization that solving scientific problems should be aimed at some practical result. The accomplishments of the Institute embody its origina ...
Catalytic oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen
... ammonia is classified in the class gaseous inorganic 4 (gA.4). This means that, according to the NeR, the concentration in the outgoing gas flow may not be larger than 200 mg/Nm3. This limit applies to polluted gas flows of at least 5,0 kg/hr. However there might be plans to group ammonia in the cla ...
... ammonia is classified in the class gaseous inorganic 4 (gA.4). This means that, according to the NeR, the concentration in the outgoing gas flow may not be larger than 200 mg/Nm3. This limit applies to polluted gas flows of at least 5,0 kg/hr. However there might be plans to group ammonia in the cla ...
2 - Humble ISD
... 1. burn them - destroying the whole molecule 2. react them with some of the halogens, breaking carbon-hydrogen bonds; 3. crack them, breaking carbon-carbon bonds. ...
... 1. burn them - destroying the whole molecule 2. react them with some of the halogens, breaking carbon-hydrogen bonds; 3. crack them, breaking carbon-carbon bonds. ...
CH221 CLASS 13
... Addition of water to alkenes to give alcohols is one of the most important reactions of alkenes. In industry, this is accomplished by the use of strong acid catalysts and high temperatures, but this is not really of much value in the laboratory. However, tertiary alcohols can be produced from highly ...
... Addition of water to alkenes to give alcohols is one of the most important reactions of alkenes. In industry, this is accomplished by the use of strong acid catalysts and high temperatures, but this is not really of much value in the laboratory. However, tertiary alcohols can be produced from highly ...
A Review of Surface Analysis Techniques for the
... Michalis Konsolakis Reprinted from Catalysts. Cite as: Konsolakis, M. Surface Chemistry and Catalysis. Catalysts 2016, 6, 102. 1. Background Nowadays, heterogeneous catalysis plays a prominent role. The majority of industrial chemical processes, involving the manufacturing of commodity chemicals, ph ...
... Michalis Konsolakis Reprinted from Catalysts. Cite as: Konsolakis, M. Surface Chemistry and Catalysis. Catalysts 2016, 6, 102. 1. Background Nowadays, heterogeneous catalysis plays a prominent role. The majority of industrial chemical processes, involving the manufacturing of commodity chemicals, ph ...
Slide 1
... Since many iminium salts are unstable they are generally not isolate. As a result the reducing agent is added to the reaction mixture so that the iminium salt can be reduced as it is formed. Only very weak reducing agents can be used in this reaction to avoid reduction of the starting aldehyde or ke ...
... Since many iminium salts are unstable they are generally not isolate. As a result the reducing agent is added to the reaction mixture so that the iminium salt can be reduced as it is formed. Only very weak reducing agents can be used in this reaction to avoid reduction of the starting aldehyde or ke ...
19.7 Reversible Addition Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones
... Selectivity with LiAlH4 and NaBH4 • NaBH4 is less reactive and hence more selective than LiAlH4 • LiAlH4 reacts with alkyl halides, alkyl tosylates, and nitro groups, but NaBH4 does not ...
... Selectivity with LiAlH4 and NaBH4 • NaBH4 is less reactive and hence more selective than LiAlH4 • LiAlH4 reacts with alkyl halides, alkyl tosylates, and nitro groups, but NaBH4 does not ...
Full-Text PDF
... mechanism [50,65–68], but differently with respect to iron [42,43]. However, here the rhodium center might be disproportionate, or lose one chloride, like Castarlenas et al. have recently demonstrated [53]. For the sake of clarity, the comparison between the neutral Ru and Rh based catalysts in Figu ...
... mechanism [50,65–68], but differently with respect to iron [42,43]. However, here the rhodium center might be disproportionate, or lose one chloride, like Castarlenas et al. have recently demonstrated [53]. For the sake of clarity, the comparison between the neutral Ru and Rh based catalysts in Figu ...
The Carbonyl Group - Angelo State University
... • Since there is no hydrogen on the carbonyl oxygen, aldehydes and ketones do not form hydrogen bonds with themselves. • Aldehydes and ketones therefore have boiling points that are in between those of alcohols and hydrocarbons of the same molecular weight: – Alcohols form hydrogen bonds, and have h ...
... • Since there is no hydrogen on the carbonyl oxygen, aldehydes and ketones do not form hydrogen bonds with themselves. • Aldehydes and ketones therefore have boiling points that are in between those of alcohols and hydrocarbons of the same molecular weight: – Alcohols form hydrogen bonds, and have h ...
Aldehydes and Ketones The Carbonyl Group
... • Since there is no hydrogen on the carbonyl oxygen, aldehydes and ketones do not form hydrogen bonds with themselves. • Aldehydes and ketones therefore have boiling points that are in between those of alcohols and hydrocarbons of the same molecular weight: – Alcohols form hydrogen bonds, and have h ...
... • Since there is no hydrogen on the carbonyl oxygen, aldehydes and ketones do not form hydrogen bonds with themselves. • Aldehydes and ketones therefore have boiling points that are in between those of alcohols and hydrocarbons of the same molecular weight: – Alcohols form hydrogen bonds, and have h ...
Chem. Soc. Rev., 2015, 44, 2202--2220 - RSC Publishing
... develop rather slowly.6 The advent of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) in the mid 2000s finally moved B(C6F5)3 and related fully or partially fluorinated boranes into the limelight. Stephan’s7 and also Erker’s8 findings that Lewis pairs, either frustrated or formed reversibly, composed of those boron L ...
... develop rather slowly.6 The advent of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) in the mid 2000s finally moved B(C6F5)3 and related fully or partially fluorinated boranes into the limelight. Stephan’s7 and also Erker’s8 findings that Lewis pairs, either frustrated or formed reversibly, composed of those boron L ...
The Carbonyl Group Nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones
... • In molecules which have both OH and C=O groups on different carbon atoms, an intramolecular addition reaction can occur, producing a cyclic ...
... • In molecules which have both OH and C=O groups on different carbon atoms, an intramolecular addition reaction can occur, producing a cyclic ...
Spillover in Heterogeneous Catalysis - ACS Publications
... metal into atomic H, which then spills over onto the oxide support. Because most of the initial studies of spillover involved Hz, spillover was envisioned to involve spillover of atoms formed by dissociation of adsorbing molecules. However, adsorbing species can only partially dissociate or even ret ...
... metal into atomic H, which then spills over onto the oxide support. Because most of the initial studies of spillover involved Hz, spillover was envisioned to involve spillover of atoms formed by dissociation of adsorbing molecules. However, adsorbing species can only partially dissociate or even ret ...
Full-Text PDF
... highly reactive, yet apparently simple structures may take part in a number of different reactions [1]. Moreover, up to two chiral carbon atoms may form upon ring opening. Because of this, epoxides are well-established intermediates in asymmetric synthesis, being important intermediates in the synth ...
... highly reactive, yet apparently simple structures may take part in a number of different reactions [1]. Moreover, up to two chiral carbon atoms may form upon ring opening. Because of this, epoxides are well-established intermediates in asymmetric synthesis, being important intermediates in the synth ...
Preliminary Screening — Technical and Economic Assessment of Synthesis Gas
... natural gas, the cheapest option being remote or stranded reserves. Economic considerations dictate that the current production of liquid fuels from syngas translates into the use of natural gas as the hydrocarbon source. Nevertheless, the syngas production operation in a gas-to-liquids plant amount ...
... natural gas, the cheapest option being remote or stranded reserves. Economic considerations dictate that the current production of liquid fuels from syngas translates into the use of natural gas as the hydrocarbon source. Nevertheless, the syngas production operation in a gas-to-liquids plant amount ...
Amines
... atom, the nitrogen bears a positive charge name the compound as a salt replace the ending -amine (or aniline or pyridine or the like) by -ammonium (or anilinium or pyridinium or the like) and add the name of the anion ...
... atom, the nitrogen bears a positive charge name the compound as a salt replace the ending -amine (or aniline or pyridine or the like) by -ammonium (or anilinium or pyridinium or the like) and add the name of the anion ...
Kinetic Modeling Of Methanol Synthesis From Carbon Monoxide
... CO2 [13]. Later, Klier et al. in 1982 showed that methanol was mainly formed from CO and H2 that adsorbed on the catalyst and CO2 acted only as a promoter and not as a main reactant. They also suggested that methanol production rate was maximum at a CO2/CO ratio of 2:28 which was governed by a balan ...
... CO2 [13]. Later, Klier et al. in 1982 showed that methanol was mainly formed from CO and H2 that adsorbed on the catalyst and CO2 acted only as a promoter and not as a main reactant. They also suggested that methanol production rate was maximum at a CO2/CO ratio of 2:28 which was governed by a balan ...
Reactions of Alkenes
... alkanes is catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes. This leads to a new question. "Starting with anything, how can I prepare cyclohexene in a single step by a reaction I am sure will work?" ...
... alkanes is catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes. This leads to a new question. "Starting with anything, how can I prepare cyclohexene in a single step by a reaction I am sure will work?" ...
Full-Text PDF
... mol % of tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) triflate was able to efficiently catalyze the transformation of phenol 1 to the corresponding phenyl acetate 2 in 3 min and in quantitative yield. the model substrate and acetic anhydride (4 equivalents) as the acetylation agent, we found that 1 the model ...
... mol % of tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) triflate was able to efficiently catalyze the transformation of phenol 1 to the corresponding phenyl acetate 2 in 3 min and in quantitative yield. the model substrate and acetic anhydride (4 equivalents) as the acetylation agent, we found that 1 the model ...
Hydrogenation
Hydrogenation – to treat with hydrogen – is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum. The process is commonly employed to reduce or saturate organic compounds. Hydrogenation typically constitutes the addition of pairs of hydrogen atoms to a molecule, generally an alkene. Catalysts are required for the reaction to be usable; non-catalytic hydrogenation takes place only at very high temperatures. Hydrogenation reduces double and triple bonds in hydrocarbons.Because of the importance of hydrogen, many related reactions have been developed for its use. Most hydrogenations use gaseous hydrogen (H2), but some involve the alternative sources of hydrogen, not H2: these processes are called transfer hydrogenations. The reverse reaction, removal of hydrogen from a molecule, is called dehydrogenation. A reaction where bonds are broken while hydrogen is added is called hydrogenolysis, a reaction that may occur to carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom (oxygen, nitrogen or halogen) bonds. Hydrogenation differs from protonation or hydride addition: in hydrogenation, the products have the same charge as the reactants.Hydrogenation of unsaturated fats produces saturated fats. In the case of partial hydrogenation, trans fats may be generated as well.