One Step Formation of Propene from Ethene or Ethanol through
... The conversion levels of C2= on Al (22), Ti (30), V (22), Cr (43), Mn (20), Fe (25), Co (16), Cu (37), Zn (28), Zr (23), Mo (30), or W (30) loaded M41 were all 5% or less at 673 K, and most of the products were “unknown products”. It should be noted, however, that the gas-phase dimerization-isomeriz ...
... The conversion levels of C2= on Al (22), Ti (30), V (22), Cr (43), Mn (20), Fe (25), Co (16), Cu (37), Zn (28), Zr (23), Mo (30), or W (30) loaded M41 were all 5% or less at 673 K, and most of the products were “unknown products”. It should be noted, however, that the gas-phase dimerization-isomeriz ...
ALKANE ALKYL HALIDE Halogenation of Alkanes
... reagents: 1) CH2N2 (diazomethane), heat carbene mechanism (write on back of card) 2) CH2I2, Zn/Hg (Simmons-Smith reaction) gives fewer side products 3) CHCl3, (CH3)3COK carbene mechanism (write on back of card) two of the halogens remain attached not subject to rearrangements ...
... reagents: 1) CH2N2 (diazomethane), heat carbene mechanism (write on back of card) 2) CH2I2, Zn/Hg (Simmons-Smith reaction) gives fewer side products 3) CHCl3, (CH3)3COK carbene mechanism (write on back of card) two of the halogens remain attached not subject to rearrangements ...
The catalytic function of a silica gel-immobilized Mn(II)
... range of alkenes [6]. Manganese porphyrin complexes have been extensively investigated as models for enzymes and used in catalysis with various single oxygen atom donors including H2 O2 [7]. Alkene epoxidation reactions catalyzed by manganese complexes in homogeneous and heterogeneous media and the ...
... range of alkenes [6]. Manganese porphyrin complexes have been extensively investigated as models for enzymes and used in catalysis with various single oxygen atom donors including H2 O2 [7]. Alkene epoxidation reactions catalyzed by manganese complexes in homogeneous and heterogeneous media and the ...
Ion Exchange Resins: Catalyst Recovery and Recycle
... the support nor of the catalyst, usually required using a covalent binding strategy, -catalysts of known activity and selectivity are used, -the anchoring procedures are simple, -the problems arising from metal loading are minimized, -the catalyst’s active sites can be easily characterized, -a syste ...
... the support nor of the catalyst, usually required using a covalent binding strategy, -catalysts of known activity and selectivity are used, -the anchoring procedures are simple, -the problems arising from metal loading are minimized, -the catalyst’s active sites can be easily characterized, -a syste ...
Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production
... determining a slow reaction rate.15,29–31 This mechanism was confirmed for both homogeneous15,29,30 and heterogeneous catalysts31 by the observation that an optimal range of strength for Lewis acidic sites exists and that very strong Lewis acidic catalysts are less active in transesterification reac ...
... determining a slow reaction rate.15,29–31 This mechanism was confirmed for both homogeneous15,29,30 and heterogeneous catalysts31 by the observation that an optimal range of strength for Lewis acidic sites exists and that very strong Lewis acidic catalysts are less active in transesterification reac ...
Chapter Seven PPT
... • Unsaturated Compounds (Less than Maximum H Atoms) • Alkenes also Referred to as Olefins • Properties Similar to those of Corresponding Alkanes • Slightly Soluble in Water • Dissolve Readily in Nonpolar or Low Polarity Solvents • Densities of Alkenes and Alkynes Less than Water ...
... • Unsaturated Compounds (Less than Maximum H Atoms) • Alkenes also Referred to as Olefins • Properties Similar to those of Corresponding Alkanes • Slightly Soluble in Water • Dissolve Readily in Nonpolar or Low Polarity Solvents • Densities of Alkenes and Alkynes Less than Water ...
Nickel Catalyzed Conversion of Cyclohexanol into Cyclohexylamine
... to produce primary, secondary and tertiary amine. Among the three, primary amine is the most useful intermediate for synthesizing value-added derivatives [12]. However, it is subject to subsequent amination due to its higher activity than ammonia and thus produces secondary and tertiary amine [5]. B ...
... to produce primary, secondary and tertiary amine. Among the three, primary amine is the most useful intermediate for synthesizing value-added derivatives [12]. However, it is subject to subsequent amination due to its higher activity than ammonia and thus produces secondary and tertiary amine [5]. B ...
Effect of Potassium on Sol-Gel Cerium and Lanthanum Oxide
... Therefore, the catalysts used in the catalytic combustion of soot must be capable of presenting catalyst activity at low temperatures [10]. An important number of catalytic formulations have been developed in this field, including oxides [11]-[14], perovskites [9] [15]-[17], spinels [18] and metals ...
... Therefore, the catalysts used in the catalytic combustion of soot must be capable of presenting catalyst activity at low temperatures [10]. An important number of catalytic formulations have been developed in this field, including oxides [11]-[14], perovskites [9] [15]-[17], spinels [18] and metals ...
View/Open
... product on hydrogenation. The results of such an experiment involving platinumcatalyzed hydrogenation of three butene isomers are shown in Fig. 7.2. All three isomers yield the same product—butane—but the heat of reaction is different in each case. On conversion to butane, 1-butene liberates the mos ...
... product on hydrogenation. The results of such an experiment involving platinumcatalyzed hydrogenation of three butene isomers are shown in Fig. 7.2. All three isomers yield the same product—butane—but the heat of reaction is different in each case. On conversion to butane, 1-butene liberates the mos ...
... with a cyclic bis-amino carbene ligand. A. Herrmann had earlier synthesized ruthenium complexes with two such carbene ligands, but the catalytic activity of such compounds was modest. In Grubbs` catalysts containing only one such ligand the dissociation rate of the remaining phosphine is increased, ...
communication - Kyushu University Library
... because the other alcohols which does not act as alkylating agents and the surfactant brought a similar effect to 2-choroethanol although the alkylation cannot be excluded completely. Therefore, it is reasonable that the structure of the cation part of the catalyst remains intact. A stoichiometric r ...
... because the other alcohols which does not act as alkylating agents and the surfactant brought a similar effect to 2-choroethanol although the alkylation cannot be excluded completely. Therefore, it is reasonable that the structure of the cation part of the catalyst remains intact. A stoichiometric r ...
Transesterification of Animal Fat to Biodiesel Over Calcined
... incomplete combustion, an increase of lubricating oil viscosity and undesirable side products like alkanes, aromatic compounds and carboxylic acids [4]. On the other hand, transesterification has the ability to reduce the viscosity of oils [5], and therefore more attractive for biodiesel production ...
... incomplete combustion, an increase of lubricating oil viscosity and undesirable side products like alkanes, aromatic compounds and carboxylic acids [4]. On the other hand, transesterification has the ability to reduce the viscosity of oils [5], and therefore more attractive for biodiesel production ...
Amino Alcohol Oxidation with Gold Catalysts: The Effect of Amino
... acids by direct oxidation of amino alcohols, using O2 as oxidant, in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts, represents a suitable alternative. The main problem lies on the high affinity of nitrogen for metal such as Pt or Pd, which lead to active sites blocking [7]. Gold catalyst appeared more res ...
... acids by direct oxidation of amino alcohols, using O2 as oxidant, in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts, represents a suitable alternative. The main problem lies on the high affinity of nitrogen for metal such as Pt or Pd, which lead to active sites blocking [7]. Gold catalyst appeared more res ...
102 Lecture Ch15
... - Benedict’s reagent (CuSO4) can be used to test for this type of aldehyde; the blue Cu2+ forms Cu2O, a red solid ...
... - Benedict’s reagent (CuSO4) can be used to test for this type of aldehyde; the blue Cu2+ forms Cu2O, a red solid ...
Copper perchlorate: Efficient acetylation catalyst
... Some of the advantages associated are noted here: solvent free and ambient reaction conditions, rapid reaction, quantitative yield, and no by-product formation from possible Fries rearrangement in the case of phenols. There is also a selectivity among the functional groups to get acylated if the rea ...
... Some of the advantages associated are noted here: solvent free and ambient reaction conditions, rapid reaction, quantitative yield, and no by-product formation from possible Fries rearrangement in the case of phenols. There is also a selectivity among the functional groups to get acylated if the rea ...
![[Ru(Triphos)H2(CO)] Characterisation - Durham e](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017676948_1-4352644236c53cc416f065328f560d26-300x300.png)
[Ru(Triphos)H2(CO)] Characterisation - Durham e
... low oxidation states through back bonding. The high ligand field strength of phosphines can be important in catalysis, as the stabilisation of the low oxidation states prevents the reducing conditions of reactions, such as hydrogenation or hydroformylation, causing the precipitation of the metal, a ...
... low oxidation states through back bonding. The high ligand field strength of phosphines can be important in catalysis, as the stabilisation of the low oxidation states prevents the reducing conditions of reactions, such as hydrogenation or hydroformylation, causing the precipitation of the metal, a ...
ALKENES INTRODUCING
... There are two ways of looking at the reasons for this - both of which need you to know about the mechanism for the reactions. Alkenes react because the electrons in the pi bond attract things with any degree of positive charge. Anything which increases the electron density around the double bond wil ...
... There are two ways of looking at the reasons for this - both of which need you to know about the mechanism for the reactions. Alkenes react because the electrons in the pi bond attract things with any degree of positive charge. Anything which increases the electron density around the double bond wil ...
Catalysis in Biodiesel Production by Transesterification
... Scheme 5. A typical mechanism of acid catalyzed transesterification of vegetable oils. The transesterification process in biodiesel production is catalyzed by Bronsted acids like HCl, BF3, H3PO4, H2SO4 and sulphonic acids49,50. Preferably, sulphonic and sulphuric acids are mostly used. These catalys ...
... Scheme 5. A typical mechanism of acid catalyzed transesterification of vegetable oils. The transesterification process in biodiesel production is catalyzed by Bronsted acids like HCl, BF3, H3PO4, H2SO4 and sulphonic acids49,50. Preferably, sulphonic and sulphuric acids are mostly used. These catalys ...
Oxidation with Perhalogenated, Water-soluble Metalloporphyrins: Application to Oxidation of Substituted 2-Methylpyrroles
... oxidation (HOAc, AC20, 80°C, 24 h) leads to the corresponding acetoxymethylpyrroles which only under harsh conditions (conc. HCl, reflux) can be converted to symmetrical dipyrromethanes. When 2-acetoxymethyl-5-benzyloxycarbonyl3-ethyl-4-methylpyrrole was treated overnight at room temperature with 2- ...
... oxidation (HOAc, AC20, 80°C, 24 h) leads to the corresponding acetoxymethylpyrroles which only under harsh conditions (conc. HCl, reflux) can be converted to symmetrical dipyrromethanes. When 2-acetoxymethyl-5-benzyloxycarbonyl3-ethyl-4-methylpyrrole was treated overnight at room temperature with 2- ...
1 Introduction
... and/or transporting these highly toxic reagents is problematic. To understand this better, let us look at two examples: hydrogen-powered fuel cells and oxidation of propene to propene oxide. Hydrogen-powered fuel cells are a hot topic. In principle, such fuel cells can provide us with energy, whil ...
... and/or transporting these highly toxic reagents is problematic. To understand this better, let us look at two examples: hydrogen-powered fuel cells and oxidation of propene to propene oxide. Hydrogen-powered fuel cells are a hot topic. In principle, such fuel cells can provide us with energy, whil ...
Direct conversion of cellulose into sorbitol using dual
... were also observed. The yield calculated for all detected sugar alcohol molecules (sorbitol + mannitol + xylitol) was very high, at 72.2%. No glucose was observed. When microcrystalline cellulose was used directly without the ball-milling process (entry 6), the sorbitol yield was much lower, at 8.6% ...
... were also observed. The yield calculated for all detected sugar alcohol molecules (sorbitol + mannitol + xylitol) was very high, at 72.2%. No glucose was observed. When microcrystalline cellulose was used directly without the ball-milling process (entry 6), the sorbitol yield was much lower, at 8.6% ...
Liquid-gas phase-boundary catalytic system
... heterogeneous catalysts in the liquid-liquid phase boundary [7-18]. In this catalytic reaction system, the catalyst was placed at the liquid-liquid phase boundary between aqueous hydrogen peroxide and water-immiscible organic phases and act as an efficient catalyst for epoxidation reaction. In this ...
... heterogeneous catalysts in the liquid-liquid phase boundary [7-18]. In this catalytic reaction system, the catalyst was placed at the liquid-liquid phase boundary between aqueous hydrogen peroxide and water-immiscible organic phases and act as an efficient catalyst for epoxidation reaction. In this ...
PPT
... • Find the longest chain that contains C=O. • Using the root alkane name, drop the –e ending and change to –one. • Number the longest carbon chain so the C=O group has the lowest number. • Name and number other substituents as before. Examples: ...
... • Find the longest chain that contains C=O. • Using the root alkane name, drop the –e ending and change to –one. • Number the longest carbon chain so the C=O group has the lowest number. • Name and number other substituents as before. Examples: ...
environmental review of petroleum industry effluents analysis
... In the part A of the report general effluents that are released from all types of processes are studied. These effluents include fugitive emissions, flue gases from process heaters, blowdown systems emissions and wastewaters. Fugitive emissions, one of the greatest sources of VOCs can be qualified a ...
... In the part A of the report general effluents that are released from all types of processes are studied. These effluents include fugitive emissions, flue gases from process heaters, blowdown systems emissions and wastewaters. Fugitive emissions, one of the greatest sources of VOCs can be qualified a ...
Hydrogenation
Hydrogenation – to treat with hydrogen – is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum. The process is commonly employed to reduce or saturate organic compounds. Hydrogenation typically constitutes the addition of pairs of hydrogen atoms to a molecule, generally an alkene. Catalysts are required for the reaction to be usable; non-catalytic hydrogenation takes place only at very high temperatures. Hydrogenation reduces double and triple bonds in hydrocarbons.Because of the importance of hydrogen, many related reactions have been developed for its use. Most hydrogenations use gaseous hydrogen (H2), but some involve the alternative sources of hydrogen, not H2: these processes are called transfer hydrogenations. The reverse reaction, removal of hydrogen from a molecule, is called dehydrogenation. A reaction where bonds are broken while hydrogen is added is called hydrogenolysis, a reaction that may occur to carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom (oxygen, nitrogen or halogen) bonds. Hydrogenation differs from protonation or hydride addition: in hydrogenation, the products have the same charge as the reactants.Hydrogenation of unsaturated fats produces saturated fats. In the case of partial hydrogenation, trans fats may be generated as well.