Hydrogenation, Transfer Hydrogenat- ion and Hydrogen Transfer Reactions
... The word “chirality” is derived from the Greek, χειρ (kheir) which means “hand”. Our hands cannot be superimposed onto each other but are mirror images of each other. Chirality can be traced back to the beginning of the 1900s, when the phrase was first introduced by Lord Kelvin,3 whose original stat ...
... The word “chirality” is derived from the Greek, χειρ (kheir) which means “hand”. Our hands cannot be superimposed onto each other but are mirror images of each other. Chirality can be traced back to the beginning of the 1900s, when the phrase was first introduced by Lord Kelvin,3 whose original stat ...
Alkynes
... Use the acidity of a terminal alkyne to create a nucleophile which then initiates a substitution reaction. ...
... Use the acidity of a terminal alkyne to create a nucleophile which then initiates a substitution reaction. ...
Rapid Ether and Alcohol CO Bond Hydrogenolysis Catalyzed by
... Here, this concept is further explored with other metal triflates by both experiment and theory. We report that higher valent metal triflates, Hf(OTf)4 in particular, exhibit far higher activity than lanthanide triflates and mineral acids, hydrogenolyzing not only etheric C−O bonds but also alcoholic C ...
... Here, this concept is further explored with other metal triflates by both experiment and theory. We report that higher valent metal triflates, Hf(OTf)4 in particular, exhibit far higher activity than lanthanide triflates and mineral acids, hydrogenolyzing not only etheric C−O bonds but also alcoholic C ...
Jan-Erling Bäckvall - The Scripps Research Institute
... Catalytic oxidation using environmentally benign terminal oxidants (O2, H2O2) is greatly facilitated by incorporation of electron transfer mediators into a catalytic system. Why? ...
... Catalytic oxidation using environmentally benign terminal oxidants (O2, H2O2) is greatly facilitated by incorporation of electron transfer mediators into a catalytic system. Why? ...
Abstracts - Thieme Verlag
... This chapter provides a concise overview of metal-catalyzed additions to alkenes that involve carbon monoxide and another nucleophilic species, such as water or an alcohol. This is an important area of research in terms of several commodity chemical targets, with many papers devoted to the evolution ...
... This chapter provides a concise overview of metal-catalyzed additions to alkenes that involve carbon monoxide and another nucleophilic species, such as water or an alcohol. This is an important area of research in terms of several commodity chemical targets, with many papers devoted to the evolution ...
Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis
... rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy required to reach the transition state. Unlike reactants, a catalyst is not consumed as part of the reaction process. Catalysts can be divided into two types depending on the reaction phase that they occupy: homogeneous and heterogeneous. Homogene ...
... rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy required to reach the transition state. Unlike reactants, a catalyst is not consumed as part of the reaction process. Catalysts can be divided into two types depending on the reaction phase that they occupy: homogeneous and heterogeneous. Homogene ...
Şenol, O.İ., Viljava, T.-R., Krause, AOI
... the deesterification reaction yields carboxylic acids and methanol. The water required for the reaction may be supplied by the dehydration of the alcohols in path I. The formed carboxylic acids are either reduced to alcohol releasing a mole of water or decarboxylated to alkenes followed by hydrogena ...
... the deesterification reaction yields carboxylic acids and methanol. The water required for the reaction may be supplied by the dehydration of the alcohols in path I. The formed carboxylic acids are either reduced to alcohol releasing a mole of water or decarboxylated to alkenes followed by hydrogena ...
anna-chrobok-silesian-university-of-technology
... - Diels-Alder reaction, - oxidation of alcohols and ketones. IONIC LIQUIDS as homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts Recycling of ionic liquids prevents them from: - ending up in the aquatic environment, - release into the atmosphere (low volatility). ...
... - Diels-Alder reaction, - oxidation of alcohols and ketones. IONIC LIQUIDS as homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts Recycling of ionic liquids prevents them from: - ending up in the aquatic environment, - release into the atmosphere (low volatility). ...
info
... the carbonyl; goes via an imine which is then further reduced). vii. Neither NaBH4 nor LiAlH4 will react with an alkene or an alkyne (there is no partial positive charge for the hydride to attack). ...
... the carbonyl; goes via an imine which is then further reduced). vii. Neither NaBH4 nor LiAlH4 will react with an alkene or an alkyne (there is no partial positive charge for the hydride to attack). ...
ALKENES Introduction • Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing C=C
... 2. Addition Reactions Alkenes undergo oxidation upon addition of KMnO4 in cold medium and produce diols, alcohol, and color of KMnO4 turns to brown. This method is used to detect alkenes, and is known as Baeyer’s Test. ...
... 2. Addition Reactions Alkenes undergo oxidation upon addition of KMnO4 in cold medium and produce diols, alcohol, and color of KMnO4 turns to brown. This method is used to detect alkenes, and is known as Baeyer’s Test. ...
pptx
... This is super important industrially. Catalytic enantioselective hydrogenation accounts for over 50% of all asymmetric processes done in industry. A couple of representative syntheses: ...
... This is super important industrially. Catalytic enantioselective hydrogenation accounts for over 50% of all asymmetric processes done in industry. A couple of representative syntheses: ...
Barton Deoxygenation
... a reaction developed by Paul Sabatier and got Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1912 along with Victor Grignard. The products of this reaction are a part of our daily lives – modern margarine is produced from hydrogenation of vegetable oils. ...
... a reaction developed by Paul Sabatier and got Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1912 along with Victor Grignard. The products of this reaction are a part of our daily lives – modern margarine is produced from hydrogenation of vegetable oils. ...
Oxidation and Reduction Reactions
... 2000 lab (purple solution for titrating green crystals). It’s relatively affordable but fairly toxic and can be quite a harsh reagent. Osmium tetroxide (OsO4). Don’t expect to see this anytime soon in an undergraduate lab. OsO4 is dangerously toxic and very expensive. It’s also gentler than KMnO4, g ...
... 2000 lab (purple solution for titrating green crystals). It’s relatively affordable but fairly toxic and can be quite a harsh reagent. Osmium tetroxide (OsO4). Don’t expect to see this anytime soon in an undergraduate lab. OsO4 is dangerously toxic and very expensive. It’s also gentler than KMnO4, g ...
Catalysis Web Pages for Pre-University
... Factors increasing available surface area favour increased reaction rates and vice versa. Whilst taking a block and powdering it up will make far more surface the effective surface will not be as great as the theoretical maximum. This is because some particles of powder will lie on top of others. Wh ...
... Factors increasing available surface area favour increased reaction rates and vice versa. Whilst taking a block and powdering it up will make far more surface the effective surface will not be as great as the theoretical maximum. This is because some particles of powder will lie on top of others. Wh ...
The Shell Higher Olefins Process (SHOP)
... Catalyst prepared in situ from NiCl2, Ph2PCH2COOH, and a reducing agent (NaBH4). Three stages: 1. Ethene is oligomerized in the presence of the homogeneous nickel catalyst (at 90 – 100°C and 100 – 110 bar) in a polar solvent (1,4-butanediol) to give a mixture of linear, even-numbered αolefins (C4 – ...
... Catalyst prepared in situ from NiCl2, Ph2PCH2COOH, and a reducing agent (NaBH4). Three stages: 1. Ethene is oligomerized in the presence of the homogeneous nickel catalyst (at 90 – 100°C and 100 – 110 bar) in a polar solvent (1,4-butanediol) to give a mixture of linear, even-numbered αolefins (C4 – ...
Organic Chemistry 145 CHEM
... Reactions of Alkenes Electrophilic Addition Reactions 4. Addition of Water: Hydration - Addition of water to alkynes requires not only an acid catalyst but mercuric ion as well. - The mercuric ion forms a complex with the triple bond and activates it for addition. - Although the reaction is similar ...
... Reactions of Alkenes Electrophilic Addition Reactions 4. Addition of Water: Hydration - Addition of water to alkynes requires not only an acid catalyst but mercuric ion as well. - The mercuric ion forms a complex with the triple bond and activates it for addition. - Although the reaction is similar ...
Organic Reactions
... sides of the double bond (and opposite sides of the molecule) • Uses: Chlorine + ethene 1,2-dichloroethane (used as starting material for PVC) • Uses: Br2 dissolved in dichloromethane is used to distinguish between alkenes and alkanes. If reddishbrown color of Br2 disappears when added to unknown, ...
... sides of the double bond (and opposite sides of the molecule) • Uses: Chlorine + ethene 1,2-dichloroethane (used as starting material for PVC) • Uses: Br2 dissolved in dichloromethane is used to distinguish between alkenes and alkanes. If reddishbrown color of Br2 disappears when added to unknown, ...
Hydro carbons
... gas or liquid fuel (often hydrogen, methyl alcohol, hydrazine, or a simple hydrocarbon) is supplied continuously to one electrode and oxygen or air to the other from an external source. So, as long as fuel and oxidant are supplied, the fuel cell will not run down or require recharging hydrogenation ...
... gas or liquid fuel (often hydrogen, methyl alcohol, hydrazine, or a simple hydrocarbon) is supplied continuously to one electrode and oxygen or air to the other from an external source. So, as long as fuel and oxidant are supplied, the fuel cell will not run down or require recharging hydrogenation ...
Isolating High Value Aromatics from Lignin Stockpiles
... The cleavage of aryl-heteroatom bonds has become an important research interest as is could benefit the petroleum industry and make use of valuable lignin stockpiles. Asphaltene has a high concentration aryl-heteroatoms throughout the structure and is a byproduct from crude oil refinement. This mate ...
... The cleavage of aryl-heteroatom bonds has become an important research interest as is could benefit the petroleum industry and make use of valuable lignin stockpiles. Asphaltene has a high concentration aryl-heteroatoms throughout the structure and is a byproduct from crude oil refinement. This mate ...
Test Review
... You should be able to explain the structure and properties of alcohols, phenols, ethers, and thiols. ...
... You should be able to explain the structure and properties of alcohols, phenols, ethers, and thiols. ...
CHEMISTRY 1000
... 2000 lab (purple solution for titrating green crystals). It’s relatively affordable but fairly toxic and can be quite a harsh reagent. Osmium tetroxide (OsO4). Don’t expect to see this anytime soon in an undergraduate lab. OsO4 is dangerously toxic and very expensive. It’s also gentler than KMnO4, g ...
... 2000 lab (purple solution for titrating green crystals). It’s relatively affordable but fairly toxic and can be quite a harsh reagent. Osmium tetroxide (OsO4). Don’t expect to see this anytime soon in an undergraduate lab. OsO4 is dangerously toxic and very expensive. It’s also gentler than KMnO4, g ...
Ruthenium(II) Complexes Bearing a Pyridyl-Supported Pyrazolyl
... lation of their silver carbene complexes.5 Although some attention was paid to the synthesis of Ru(II) CNC complexes, only very limited work has been directed toward their catalytic activity. Exploration of their application as catalysts in the transfer hydrogenation of cyclohexanone and acetophenon ...
... lation of their silver carbene complexes.5 Although some attention was paid to the synthesis of Ru(II) CNC complexes, only very limited work has been directed toward their catalytic activity. Exploration of their application as catalysts in the transfer hydrogenation of cyclohexanone and acetophenon ...
Organic Reactions
... Uses: Br2 dissolved in dichloromethane is used to distinguish between alkenes and alkanes. If reddish-brown color of Br2 disappears when added to unknown, the unknown has alkenes in it. MOVIE H H ...
... Uses: Br2 dissolved in dichloromethane is used to distinguish between alkenes and alkanes. If reddish-brown color of Br2 disappears when added to unknown, the unknown has alkenes in it. MOVIE H H ...
ADDITION REACTIONS
... He found that, when two products were formed, one was formed in a larger quantity. His original rule was based only on this reaction. The modern version uses carbocation stability as a criterion for predicting the products. In the electrophilic addition to alkenes the major product is formed via the ...
... He found that, when two products were formed, one was formed in a larger quantity. His original rule was based only on this reaction. The modern version uses carbocation stability as a criterion for predicting the products. In the electrophilic addition to alkenes the major product is formed via the ...
4.6, 4.7 test - A
... Name the type of substitution reaction which follows the formation of the reactive species above and outline a mechanism for this substitution. Type of substitution ........................................................................................... Mechanism ...
... Name the type of substitution reaction which follows the formation of the reactive species above and outline a mechanism for this substitution. Type of substitution ........................................................................................... Mechanism ...
Hydrogenation
Hydrogenation – to treat with hydrogen – is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum. The process is commonly employed to reduce or saturate organic compounds. Hydrogenation typically constitutes the addition of pairs of hydrogen atoms to a molecule, generally an alkene. Catalysts are required for the reaction to be usable; non-catalytic hydrogenation takes place only at very high temperatures. Hydrogenation reduces double and triple bonds in hydrocarbons.Because of the importance of hydrogen, many related reactions have been developed for its use. Most hydrogenations use gaseous hydrogen (H2), but some involve the alternative sources of hydrogen, not H2: these processes are called transfer hydrogenations. The reverse reaction, removal of hydrogen from a molecule, is called dehydrogenation. A reaction where bonds are broken while hydrogen is added is called hydrogenolysis, a reaction that may occur to carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom (oxygen, nitrogen or halogen) bonds. Hydrogenation differs from protonation or hydride addition: in hydrogenation, the products have the same charge as the reactants.Hydrogenation of unsaturated fats produces saturated fats. In the case of partial hydrogenation, trans fats may be generated as well.