7. Alkenes: Reactions and Synthesis
... • Reaction of diiodomethane with zinc-copper alloy produces a carbenoid species • Forms cyclopropanes by cycloaddition ...
... • Reaction of diiodomethane with zinc-copper alloy produces a carbenoid species • Forms cyclopropanes by cycloaddition ...
Fulltext PDF
... run reactions under mild conditions, we use ruthenium. They are the two wings of the same angel. The angel can’t fly if you clip either one.” N-Heterocyclic Carbenes, The Stable Carbenes Phosphine ligands are a very important class of molecules widely used in the synthesis of coordination and organo ...
... run reactions under mild conditions, we use ruthenium. They are the two wings of the same angel. The angel can’t fly if you clip either one.” N-Heterocyclic Carbenes, The Stable Carbenes Phosphine ligands are a very important class of molecules widely used in the synthesis of coordination and organo ...
Chapter 1 Structure and Bonding
... Nucleophile approaches, causing C to rehybridize p-bond electrons move to Oxygen, producing an alkoxide anion Protonation from solvent yields the product The new Nu—C bond has both electrons from Nu- (like in SN2) An electron pair is the “leaving group” Strongly basic nucleophiles typically follow t ...
... Nucleophile approaches, causing C to rehybridize p-bond electrons move to Oxygen, producing an alkoxide anion Protonation from solvent yields the product The new Nu—C bond has both electrons from Nu- (like in SN2) An electron pair is the “leaving group” Strongly basic nucleophiles typically follow t ...
Epoxidation of Alkenes with Bicarbonate
... We describe here the discovery of the bicarbonate-catalyzed epoxidation of alkenes with aqueous hydrogen peroxide at nearneutral pH. For some substrates, the procedure is comparable in apparent synthetic utility to the best methods now available for H2O2-based alkene expoxidations that avoid extensi ...
... We describe here the discovery of the bicarbonate-catalyzed epoxidation of alkenes with aqueous hydrogen peroxide at nearneutral pH. For some substrates, the procedure is comparable in apparent synthetic utility to the best methods now available for H2O2-based alkene expoxidations that avoid extensi ...
Perspective and prospects for pincer ligand chemistry
... with these metals. Variation of the metal, arm linkage, and phosphine alkyl groups led to the development of catalysts that produced alkene (+ dihydrogen) from alkane in concentrations approaching 0.5 M upon reflux in open systems! While terminal olefins are the kinetic products in these dehydrogena ...
... with these metals. Variation of the metal, arm linkage, and phosphine alkyl groups led to the development of catalysts that produced alkene (+ dihydrogen) from alkane in concentrations approaching 0.5 M upon reflux in open systems! While terminal olefins are the kinetic products in these dehydrogena ...
BIOB111 - Tutorial activities for session 8
... Both straight chain (acyclic) and ring structured (cyclic) hydrocarbons can form structures that contain the same number of carbon atoms. However, these acyclic and cyclic compounds contain different numbers of hydrogen atoms, even though they have the same number of carbon atoms. Which of the follo ...
... Both straight chain (acyclic) and ring structured (cyclic) hydrocarbons can form structures that contain the same number of carbon atoms. However, these acyclic and cyclic compounds contain different numbers of hydrogen atoms, even though they have the same number of carbon atoms. Which of the follo ...
kinetic characterisation of catalysts for methanol synthesis
... At this temperature the rate of methanol synthesis on the Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/Zr catalyst was 1.5 times higher than that for the TMC-3/1 catalyst. Taking into account the characteristics of the catalysts presented in Table 2, the highest activity of the Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/Zr catalyst corresponds both to specific ...
... At this temperature the rate of methanol synthesis on the Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/Zr catalyst was 1.5 times higher than that for the TMC-3/1 catalyst. Taking into account the characteristics of the catalysts presented in Table 2, the highest activity of the Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/Zr catalyst corresponds both to specific ...
ALKENES INTRODUCING
... Reactions where the chlorine or bromine are in solution (for example, "bromine water") are slightly more complicated and are treated separately at the end. Simple reactions involving halogens In each case, we will look at ethene as typical of all of the alkenes. There are no complications as far as ...
... Reactions where the chlorine or bromine are in solution (for example, "bromine water") are slightly more complicated and are treated separately at the end. Simple reactions involving halogens In each case, we will look at ethene as typical of all of the alkenes. There are no complications as far as ...
UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS
... The melting points of alkenes increase with an increase in the molecular mass. The transisomers fit well into the crystal lattice due to their symmetrical structure. This results in their melting at higher temperatures as compared to the cis form. ...
... The melting points of alkenes increase with an increase in the molecular mass. The transisomers fit well into the crystal lattice due to their symmetrical structure. This results in their melting at higher temperatures as compared to the cis form. ...
REDUCTIONS AND REDUCING AGENTS
... Lithium aluminiumhydride reacts the same way as lithium borohydride. It is however a much more reactive reducing agent than lithium borohydride. It is the strongest of the hydride reducing agents. Note that the Al-H bond is more polarized than B-H bond. Consequently the hydride in Al-H has greater h ...
... Lithium aluminiumhydride reacts the same way as lithium borohydride. It is however a much more reactive reducing agent than lithium borohydride. It is the strongest of the hydride reducing agents. Note that the Al-H bond is more polarized than B-H bond. Consequently the hydride in Al-H has greater h ...
Acylation of aromatic alcohols and phenols over InCl3
... from 7 to 96% on increasing the InCl3 loading from zero to 20%. The results clearly show that InCl3 (20%)/Mont. K-10 is a much superior catalyst than the Mont. K-10 without InCl3. It may be noted that use of InCl3 as a catalyst has also been reported earlier in a number of other other organic reacti ...
... from 7 to 96% on increasing the InCl3 loading from zero to 20%. The results clearly show that InCl3 (20%)/Mont. K-10 is a much superior catalyst than the Mont. K-10 without InCl3. It may be noted that use of InCl3 as a catalyst has also been reported earlier in a number of other other organic reacti ...
as a PDF
... crude oil derived products in various applications. As widely practiced in petrochemical industry, catalyst plays a very important role in the production of basic oleochemicals. Catalytic reactions are abound in the production of oleochemicals: Nickel based catalysts are used in the hydrogenation of ...
... crude oil derived products in various applications. As widely practiced in petrochemical industry, catalyst plays a very important role in the production of basic oleochemicals. Catalytic reactions are abound in the production of oleochemicals: Nickel based catalysts are used in the hydrogenation of ...
Ryoji Noyori - Nobel Lecture
... simplest but most powerful way to produce a wide array of important compounds in large quantities using inexpensive, clean hydrogen gas without forming any waste. Hydrogenation was initiated at the end of the 19th century by P. Sabatier (1912 Nobel laureate) who used fine metal particles as heterog ...
... simplest but most powerful way to produce a wide array of important compounds in large quantities using inexpensive, clean hydrogen gas without forming any waste. Hydrogenation was initiated at the end of the 19th century by P. Sabatier (1912 Nobel laureate) who used fine metal particles as heterog ...
1 Assignment 5 Hydrogen – The Unique Element
... form acidic hydrides e.g. HCl, but it should be noted that HF is anomalous in that it is a weak acid. Hydrides of the pnictogens are all Lewis bases and useful ligands in coordination chemistry. However, in contrast to NH3, PH3 and AsH3 are very toxic and rarely used. Also, PH3 and AsH3 are readily ...
... form acidic hydrides e.g. HCl, but it should be noted that HF is anomalous in that it is a weak acid. Hydrides of the pnictogens are all Lewis bases and useful ligands in coordination chemistry. However, in contrast to NH3, PH3 and AsH3 are very toxic and rarely used. Also, PH3 and AsH3 are readily ...
1 Assignment 4 Hydrogen – The Unique Element
... form acidic hydrides e.g. HCl, but it should be noted that HF is anomalous in that it is a weak acid. Hydrides of the pnictogens are all Lewis bases and useful ligands in coordination chemistry. However, in contrast to NH3, PH3 and AsH3 are very toxic and rarely used. Also, PH3 and AsH3 are readily ...
... form acidic hydrides e.g. HCl, but it should be noted that HF is anomalous in that it is a weak acid. Hydrides of the pnictogens are all Lewis bases and useful ligands in coordination chemistry. However, in contrast to NH3, PH3 and AsH3 are very toxic and rarely used. Also, PH3 and AsH3 are readily ...
More reactions of alkenes Objective
... steam, in the presence of an acid catalyst, to produce alcohols potassium manganate(VII), in acid conditions, to oxidise the double bond and produce a diol • understand that heterolytic bond fission of a covalent bond results in the formation of ions • understand the mechanism of the electrophilic a ...
... steam, in the presence of an acid catalyst, to produce alcohols potassium manganate(VII), in acid conditions, to oxidise the double bond and produce a diol • understand that heterolytic bond fission of a covalent bond results in the formation of ions • understand the mechanism of the electrophilic a ...
Efficient hydrogenation of organic carbonates, carbamates and
... recently, rare examples of the significantly more difficult hydrogenation of esters4,5 and amides6,7 have also been reported. However, the hydrogenation of organic carbonates and carbamates remains a major challenge. Indeed, as far as we know, catalytic hydrogenation of these important families of com ...
... recently, rare examples of the significantly more difficult hydrogenation of esters4,5 and amides6,7 have also been reported. However, the hydrogenation of organic carbonates and carbamates remains a major challenge. Indeed, as far as we know, catalytic hydrogenation of these important families of com ...
Microwave Irradiation for the Facile Synthesis of
... Haresh Manyar,[d] Christopher Hardacre,[d] and Christoph Janiak*[a] ...
... Haresh Manyar,[d] Christopher Hardacre,[d] and Christoph Janiak*[a] ...
Biochemistry I (CHE 418 / 5418)
... replaces a leaving group (halides ,Cl, F, Br, are good leaving groups) • Leaving group an easily replaced atom or group of atoms that is held to a carbon by a realatively weak covalent bond. • See p.301 Fig. 9.5 and 9.6 ...
... replaces a leaving group (halides ,Cl, F, Br, are good leaving groups) • Leaving group an easily replaced atom or group of atoms that is held to a carbon by a realatively weak covalent bond. • See p.301 Fig. 9.5 and 9.6 ...
Amine-functionalized boehmite nanoparticle-supported
... porting various transition metals on these functionalities can produce active and stable catalysts for liquid‐phase organic reactions. Boehmite (γ‐AlOOH) is an inorganic insoluble support that contains extra hydroxyl groups on its surface. It has been used as an absorbent, ...
... porting various transition metals on these functionalities can produce active and stable catalysts for liquid‐phase organic reactions. Boehmite (γ‐AlOOH) is an inorganic insoluble support that contains extra hydroxyl groups on its surface. It has been used as an absorbent, ...
Poly(ethylene glycol)-supported a,a,a
... group as a silyl ether was followed by reaction with magnesium to form the corresponding Grignard reagent. This reagent was reacted with N-trifluoroacetylpiperidine24 to introduce the trifluoromethyl ketone group. Finally, removal of the silyl ether group afforded phenol 1.25 Reaction of 1 with MPEG-OM ...
... group as a silyl ether was followed by reaction with magnesium to form the corresponding Grignard reagent. This reagent was reacted with N-trifluoroacetylpiperidine24 to introduce the trifluoromethyl ketone group. Finally, removal of the silyl ether group afforded phenol 1.25 Reaction of 1 with MPEG-OM ...
Chapter 16 Alkanes and alkenes
... containers for electrical goods, disposable cups and food containers used in ‘fast food’ restaurants and hawker centres ...
... containers for electrical goods, disposable cups and food containers used in ‘fast food’ restaurants and hawker centres ...
Ch 12- 13 - Phillips Scientific Methods
... Alkanes can become oxidized under strong heat and a catalyst. This is what happens in alkane “cracking”. Alkanes (higher molecular wt)Alkenes (lower molecular wt) **Remember….alkanes are more reduced; alkenes are more oxidized (alkynes even more oxidized) Chapter One ...
... Alkanes can become oxidized under strong heat and a catalyst. This is what happens in alkane “cracking”. Alkanes (higher molecular wt)Alkenes (lower molecular wt) **Remember….alkanes are more reduced; alkenes are more oxidized (alkynes even more oxidized) Chapter One ...
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... development in transition-metal catalysis in the past few years.20 The high activity of the iridium catalysts in N-alkylation reactions, combined with the excellent performance of NHCs as ligands in homogeneous catalysis, inspired us to seek an easily accessible and highly active NHC-based iridium c ...
... development in transition-metal catalysis in the past few years.20 The high activity of the iridium catalysts in N-alkylation reactions, combined with the excellent performance of NHCs as ligands in homogeneous catalysis, inspired us to seek an easily accessible and highly active NHC-based iridium c ...
Hydrogenation
Hydrogenation – to treat with hydrogen – is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum. The process is commonly employed to reduce or saturate organic compounds. Hydrogenation typically constitutes the addition of pairs of hydrogen atoms to a molecule, generally an alkene. Catalysts are required for the reaction to be usable; non-catalytic hydrogenation takes place only at very high temperatures. Hydrogenation reduces double and triple bonds in hydrocarbons.Because of the importance of hydrogen, many related reactions have been developed for its use. Most hydrogenations use gaseous hydrogen (H2), but some involve the alternative sources of hydrogen, not H2: these processes are called transfer hydrogenations. The reverse reaction, removal of hydrogen from a molecule, is called dehydrogenation. A reaction where bonds are broken while hydrogen is added is called hydrogenolysis, a reaction that may occur to carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom (oxygen, nitrogen or halogen) bonds. Hydrogenation differs from protonation or hydride addition: in hydrogenation, the products have the same charge as the reactants.Hydrogenation of unsaturated fats produces saturated fats. In the case of partial hydrogenation, trans fats may be generated as well.