Catalytic decomposition of N2O over Rh/Zn–Al2O3 catalysts
... lead to more active catalysts due to the improved dispersion of Rh species.28 Parres-Esclapez et al. found that Sr can promote the activity of Rh/Al2O3 due to the improved dispersion and reducibility of Rh species.29 Zhao et al. reported that Rh/SiO2–Al2O3 shows high activity, because oxygen desorpt ...
... lead to more active catalysts due to the improved dispersion of Rh species.28 Parres-Esclapez et al. found that Sr can promote the activity of Rh/Al2O3 due to the improved dispersion and reducibility of Rh species.29 Zhao et al. reported that Rh/SiO2–Al2O3 shows high activity, because oxygen desorpt ...
A convenient method for the preparation of oxazaborolidine catalyst
... School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Central University P.O., Hyderabad 500 046, India Received 23 October 2006; accepted 21 November 2006 Available online 4 January 2007 ...
... School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Central University P.O., Hyderabad 500 046, India Received 23 October 2006; accepted 21 November 2006 Available online 4 January 2007 ...
Converting Glycerol to Higher Value Products
... thermochemical process using a metal catalyst can result in a high yield of propylene glycol, which is a high-value product. Propylene glycol is used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, automotive, and food industries. Converting glycerol without added hydrogen ...
... thermochemical process using a metal catalyst can result in a high yield of propylene glycol, which is a high-value product. Propylene glycol is used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, automotive, and food industries. Converting glycerol without added hydrogen ...
Future perspectives in catalysis - NRSC
... catalysts within reach. Scientists have found a common molecular basis for the chemical processes for which catalysis is used. These research fields have now been unified to form a general scientific framework. That means heterogeneous, homogeneous and bio-catalysis can now be studied within a singl ...
... catalysts within reach. Scientists have found a common molecular basis for the chemical processes for which catalysis is used. These research fields have now been unified to form a general scientific framework. That means heterogeneous, homogeneous and bio-catalysis can now be studied within a singl ...
Rhenium Nanochemistry for Catalyst Preparation
... matrix it has been proven possible to transform tertiary amides into their corresponding amines using high pressure hydrogen atmosphere [13]. Rhenium-nickel oxide has been reported as an efficient catalyst for the water gas shift reaction [14]. Re-containing catalysts showed high performance for sel ...
... matrix it has been proven possible to transform tertiary amides into their corresponding amines using high pressure hydrogen atmosphere [13]. Rhenium-nickel oxide has been reported as an efficient catalyst for the water gas shift reaction [14]. Re-containing catalysts showed high performance for sel ...
CH 2
... that contains one or more carbon – carbon double bonds. ALKYNES – An unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon – carbon triple bonds. AROMATIC – Organic compounds that contains the characteristics of benzene & benzene ring in its structure. ...
... that contains one or more carbon – carbon double bonds. ALKYNES – An unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon – carbon triple bonds. AROMATIC – Organic compounds that contains the characteristics of benzene & benzene ring in its structure. ...
Sustainable Oxidation Catalysis for Synthesis
... problematic on a larger scale. There is a need to develop efficient catalysts that use sustainable terminal oxidants such as molecular oxygen or hydrogen peroxide. Although such methods are employed in the preparation of commodity chemicals, they are rarely used for the synthesis of fine chemicals, ...
... problematic on a larger scale. There is a need to develop efficient catalysts that use sustainable terminal oxidants such as molecular oxygen or hydrogen peroxide. Although such methods are employed in the preparation of commodity chemicals, they are rarely used for the synthesis of fine chemicals, ...
+ ∂ - CHEM171 – Lecture Series Seven : 2012/05
... A hydrocarbon of unknown structure has the molecular formula C8H10. On catalytic hydrogenation over the Lindlar catalyst, 1 equivalent of H2 is absorbed. On hydrogenation over a Pd/C catalyst 3 equivalents of H2 react. Draw a structure for the hydrocarbon that fits the data. ...
... A hydrocarbon of unknown structure has the molecular formula C8H10. On catalytic hydrogenation over the Lindlar catalyst, 1 equivalent of H2 is absorbed. On hydrogenation over a Pd/C catalyst 3 equivalents of H2 react. Draw a structure for the hydrocarbon that fits the data. ...
Recent developments in the applications of palladium complexes
... with the design of reusable Pd-NHC complexes using different strategies. These strategies include the support of the Pd-NHC complex on a solid surface that can be separated from the reaction mixture once the reaction is complete, or the use of alternative solvents such as water, which allows the sep ...
... with the design of reusable Pd-NHC complexes using different strategies. These strategies include the support of the Pd-NHC complex on a solid surface that can be separated from the reaction mixture once the reaction is complete, or the use of alternative solvents such as water, which allows the sep ...
Tin-Catalyzed Esterification and Transesterification Reactions: A
... reactions (Figure 4) [8]. A different behavior was observed in terms of alcohols’ reactivity in reactions catalyzed by SnCl2 . In general, after 1 hour reaction, methyl and ethyl alcohol reacted at the same rate, and the same can be stated about propyl and butyl alcohol, although this last pair has r ...
... reactions (Figure 4) [8]. A different behavior was observed in terms of alcohols’ reactivity in reactions catalyzed by SnCl2 . In general, after 1 hour reaction, methyl and ethyl alcohol reacted at the same rate, and the same can be stated about propyl and butyl alcohol, although this last pair has r ...
physicochemical properties of organic medicinal agents
... Alkynes, like all hydrocarbons, are composed exclusively of carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds. These atoms are of relatively low and similar electronegativity (2.1 for H, 2.5 for C) and thus no significant permanent dipole is established in hydrocarbon bonding arrangements. Alkynes have a C≡C ...
... Alkynes, like all hydrocarbons, are composed exclusively of carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds. These atoms are of relatively low and similar electronegativity (2.1 for H, 2.5 for C) and thus no significant permanent dipole is established in hydrocarbon bonding arrangements. Alkynes have a C≡C ...
First palladium- and nickel-catalyzed oxidative
... The reactions of Ni- and Pd-catalyzed diamination are believed to proceed as outlined in Fig. 2. Details on the mechanism are currently under investigation [16]. All data points to a sequence of aminometallation followed by a second alkyl-nitrogen bond formation. No radical intermediates are involve ...
... The reactions of Ni- and Pd-catalyzed diamination are believed to proceed as outlined in Fig. 2. Details on the mechanism are currently under investigation [16]. All data points to a sequence of aminometallation followed by a second alkyl-nitrogen bond formation. No radical intermediates are involve ...
Reactions of Alkenes: Addition Reactions
... sign for H. Indeed, hydrogenation of all alkenes is exothermic. The heat given off is called the heat of hydrogenation and cited without a sign. In other words, heat of hydrogenation H. The uncatalyzed addition of hydrogen to an alkene, although exothermic, is very slow. The rate of hydrogena ...
... sign for H. Indeed, hydrogenation of all alkenes is exothermic. The heat given off is called the heat of hydrogenation and cited without a sign. In other words, heat of hydrogenation H. The uncatalyzed addition of hydrogen to an alkene, although exothermic, is very slow. The rate of hydrogena ...
printable - Master Organic Chemistry
... KMnO4, acid, heat cleaves C=C to give two carbonyls. Alkenyl C-H bonds oxidized to C–OH ...
... KMnO4, acid, heat cleaves C=C to give two carbonyls. Alkenyl C-H bonds oxidized to C–OH ...
Chapter 1 - dan
... Oxidation of Aldehydes • Aldehydes are easily oxidized to carboxylic acids by almost any oxidizing agent – So easily oxidized that it is often difficult to prepare them as they continue on to carboxylic acids – Susceptible to air oxidation even at room temperature – Cannot be stored for long periods ...
... Oxidation of Aldehydes • Aldehydes are easily oxidized to carboxylic acids by almost any oxidizing agent – So easily oxidized that it is often difficult to prepare them as they continue on to carboxylic acids – Susceptible to air oxidation even at room temperature – Cannot be stored for long periods ...
Chapter 1
... Oxidation of Aldehydes • Aldehydes are easily oxidized to carboxylic acids by almost any oxidizing agent – So easily oxidized that it is often difficult to prepare them as they continue on to carboxylic acids – Susceptible to air oxidation even at room temperature – Cannot be stored for long periods ...
... Oxidation of Aldehydes • Aldehydes are easily oxidized to carboxylic acids by almost any oxidizing agent – So easily oxidized that it is often difficult to prepare them as they continue on to carboxylic acids – Susceptible to air oxidation even at room temperature – Cannot be stored for long periods ...
A manganese catalyst for highly reactive yet chemoselective
... similarly high chemoselectivity (7:1 ins./azir.) but poor reactivity (22%), whereas a noble metal ruthenium catalyst [Ru2(hp)4] (tetrakis-(2-oxypyridinato)diruthenium(II, III) chloride), designed to be highly chemoselective, is less selective for insertion (2:1 ins./azir.)15 and Rh2(esp)2 favours π ...
... similarly high chemoselectivity (7:1 ins./azir.) but poor reactivity (22%), whereas a noble metal ruthenium catalyst [Ru2(hp)4] (tetrakis-(2-oxypyridinato)diruthenium(II, III) chloride), designed to be highly chemoselective, is less selective for insertion (2:1 ins./azir.)15 and Rh2(esp)2 favours π ...
Dehydration of n-propanol and methanol to produce
... and pressure, around 350 °C and 180 bar respectively [13]. However, MPE comprised of only 2.5% of the bio-crude produced. Other work done on methanol-isobutanol, ethanol-isobutanol and, ethanol etherification [11] also followed dehydration principle [14]. Above examples show that dehydration is a fe ...
... and pressure, around 350 °C and 180 bar respectively [13]. However, MPE comprised of only 2.5% of the bio-crude produced. Other work done on methanol-isobutanol, ethanol-isobutanol and, ethanol etherification [11] also followed dehydration principle [14]. Above examples show that dehydration is a fe ...
New insights into the mechanism of sorbitol transformation
... and hemicellulose, polymers of hexoses and pentoses, and lignin, a macromolecule containing phenolic groups [2]. Cellulose and hemicellulose can be hydrolyzed into the corresponding sugar monomers [3]. However, the resilient nature of crystalline cellulose requires harsh hydrolysis conditions which ...
... and hemicellulose, polymers of hexoses and pentoses, and lignin, a macromolecule containing phenolic groups [2]. Cellulose and hemicellulose can be hydrolyzed into the corresponding sugar monomers [3]. However, the resilient nature of crystalline cellulose requires harsh hydrolysis conditions which ...
molecules
... It is found that addition of a heterocyclic nitrogen base such as imidazole or 1-methylimidazole to this catalytic system improves the activity of the catalyst. In the presence of imidazole, the Mn(Br8TPPS) –Ad-400 system converts different olefins efficiently to their corresponding epoxides (Table1 ...
... It is found that addition of a heterocyclic nitrogen base such as imidazole or 1-methylimidazole to this catalytic system improves the activity of the catalyst. In the presence of imidazole, the Mn(Br8TPPS) –Ad-400 system converts different olefins efficiently to their corresponding epoxides (Table1 ...
CHAPTER V Fischer-Tropsch Syncrude
... chain olefin incorporation during chain growth,(2) but this can only account for the deviation at low carbon numbers. It is more likely that these deviations occur due to differences in the microscopic kinetic environment that cannot be kept the same at all sites during actual synthesis conditions.( ...
... chain olefin incorporation during chain growth,(2) but this can only account for the deviation at low carbon numbers. It is more likely that these deviations occur due to differences in the microscopic kinetic environment that cannot be kept the same at all sites during actual synthesis conditions.( ...
couverture these PRES Toulouse M ESCARCEGA 2011
... Catalysis is traditionally divided into heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis. In heterogeneous catalysis, the catalyst and the reactants are in different phase. Usually the catalyst is in a solid phase providing a surface on which the reactants are temporarily adsorbed. Bonds in the substrate bec ...
... Catalysis is traditionally divided into heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis. In heterogeneous catalysis, the catalyst and the reactants are in different phase. Usually the catalyst is in a solid phase providing a surface on which the reactants are temporarily adsorbed. Bonds in the substrate bec ...
EFFECT OF LEWIS ACID IN TiCl4/MgCl2/THF/AlCl3 CATALYST
... polymerization. Experimentally, metal chlorides (CaCl2, FeCl2 and ZnCl2) as Lewis acidwere simultaneously introduced in TiCl4/MgCl2/THF/AlCl3 catalyst system. ICP analysis was used to determine the total amount of each metal in the catalyst. For polymerization reaction, TEA was used as cocatalyst an ...
... polymerization. Experimentally, metal chlorides (CaCl2, FeCl2 and ZnCl2) as Lewis acidwere simultaneously introduced in TiCl4/MgCl2/THF/AlCl3 catalyst system. ICP analysis was used to determine the total amount of each metal in the catalyst. For polymerization reaction, TEA was used as cocatalyst an ...
On The catalytic Hydrogenation of Co2 and Carboxylic acid esters
... CO2-induced climate change, catalytic reduction of CO2 has at least a century-long history. In early 1910s, Sabatier discovered that in the presence of a nickel catalyst CO2 can be hydrogenated to methane at 300-400°C. In principle, this reaction can be the basis of the carbon neutral H2 storage pro ...
... CO2-induced climate change, catalytic reduction of CO2 has at least a century-long history. In early 1910s, Sabatier discovered that in the presence of a nickel catalyst CO2 can be hydrogenated to methane at 300-400°C. In principle, this reaction can be the basis of the carbon neutral H2 storage pro ...
Chapter 14 Notes
... the lowest number. • Name and number other substituents as before. Examples: ...
... the lowest number. • Name and number other substituents as before. Examples: ...
Hydrogenation
Hydrogenation – to treat with hydrogen – is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum. The process is commonly employed to reduce or saturate organic compounds. Hydrogenation typically constitutes the addition of pairs of hydrogen atoms to a molecule, generally an alkene. Catalysts are required for the reaction to be usable; non-catalytic hydrogenation takes place only at very high temperatures. Hydrogenation reduces double and triple bonds in hydrocarbons.Because of the importance of hydrogen, many related reactions have been developed for its use. Most hydrogenations use gaseous hydrogen (H2), but some involve the alternative sources of hydrogen, not H2: these processes are called transfer hydrogenations. The reverse reaction, removal of hydrogen from a molecule, is called dehydrogenation. A reaction where bonds are broken while hydrogen is added is called hydrogenolysis, a reaction that may occur to carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom (oxygen, nitrogen or halogen) bonds. Hydrogenation differs from protonation or hydride addition: in hydrogenation, the products have the same charge as the reactants.Hydrogenation of unsaturated fats produces saturated fats. In the case of partial hydrogenation, trans fats may be generated as well.